Sources and method

How the 4freelife guides are made and what they are based on.

How we work

Every guide lists its sources on the last page, and this page collects them by series.
The sources are books, standards and guidance from public institutions such as the FAO, the WHO and national agencies.
Numbers are planning figures. Yields, dates and costs change with climate, soil and experience.
Rules on animals, water, food sales and building differ by country, so check them with your local authority. For animal or human health, ask a vet or a doctor.
4freelife is published by Vexum packaging d.o.o. in Zagreb. If you find a mistake, write to [email protected].

Sources by series

These are the sources listed in the guides of each series.

Start: planning your homestead (35)

Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. London: Faber & Faber. The classic overview of every area of a homestead.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services. The principle of "small and slow solutions" and observing before acting.
Bane, P. (2012): The Permaculture Handbook: Garden Farming for Town and Country. New Society Publishers. Planning a homestead in phases and zones.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green. Developing a homestead over the years.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press. Yields on small areas.
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map — climate zones for the US.
WHO (2003): Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva: World Health Organization. Recommendation of at least 400 g of fruit and vegetables a day.
USDA, FoodData Central (fdc.nal.usda.gov): energy values of potatoes, grains, beans and eggs.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press. Areas and yields for feeding one person.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. London: Faber & Faber. Planning a family's food on a smallholding.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (nchfp.uga.edu): safe home canning methods.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. London: Faber & Faber. The yearly rhythm of work on a smallholding.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green. Succession sowing, the winter polytunnel and season extension.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press. Sowing calendar and germination temperatures.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services. Observing nature and phenology.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): monthly gardening advice and fruit pruning (silver leaf on plums and cherries).
Met Office (UK) and Met Éireann: climate averages and frost data; USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the US.
Jenkins, J. (2019): The Humanure Handbook, 4th edition. Joseph Jenkins Inc. — hot composting, temperatures and killing pathogens.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203 — the 90- and 120-day interval between applying raw manure and harvest.
Logsdon, G. (2010): Holy Shit: Managing Manure to Save Mankind. Chelsea Green — manure in the closed loop of a small farm.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — plants that feed the soil, mulch and nutrient cycling.
FAO: information on African swine fever (fao.org) and recommendations against feeding swill to pigs.
RHS (rhs.org.uk): advice on home composting, green manures and wood ash.
Fortier, J.-M. (2014): The Market Gardener. New Society Publishers — work per m², permanent beds and time-saving tools.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. London: Faber & Faber — the workload of a small homestead.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — phased investment and risk.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — organising work in the garden.
Yeomans, P. A. (1958): The Challenge of Landscape. Sydney: Keyline Publishing — the Keyline Scale of Permanence.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — planning a homestead by zones and in sequence.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services — small and slow solutions, gradual development.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — phases of homestead development.
Deming, W. E. (1986): Out of the Crisis. MIT Press — the plan–do–check–act cycle (Shewhart cycle).
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — records of sowing, harvest and rotation.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press — measuring yield per area and garden records.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8) — siting thermometers and rain gauges.

Land and homestead planning (36)

FAO (2006): Guidelines for Soil Description, 4th edition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — describing soil profiles and colour.
USDA NRCS: Guide to Texture by Feel — the squeeze test for soil texture.
USDA NRCS: Soil Quality Test Kit Guide — infiltration, earthworms and simple field tests.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — microclimate, frost pockets, sun and wind sectors.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — choosing and reading a site.
Environment Agency (gov.uk), SEPA, OPW (floodinfo.ie) and FEMA Flood Map Service Center — flood maps.
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map — climate zones for the US.
FAO (2002): Land tenure and rural development. FAO Land Tenure Studies 3. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — principles of tenure security and land registration.
FAO (2012): Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests. Rome: FAO — land rights, inheritance, leases.
HM Land Registry (gov.uk): guidance on title registers, title plans and boundaries.
Registers of Scotland; Tailte Éireann (Land Registry and Registry of Deeds, Ireland).
Planning Portal (England and Wales) — planning permission and permitted development guidance.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — sectors, zones, analysis of terrain and microclimate.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services — observe before acting.
Yeomans, P. A. (1958): The Challenge of Landscape. Keyline Publishing — reading terrain and water by contour.
Geiger, R., Aron, R. H., Todhunter, P. (2003): The Climate Near the Ground, 6th edition. Rowman & Littlefield — microclimate, cold air, frost pockets.
NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory: Solar Calculator — position of the sun for a given place and date.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — zones, sectors and connections between elements.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services — integrating elements.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — zones on small holdings and backyards.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — homestead layout in practice.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. Faber & Faber — layouts for 0.5 ha and 2 ha holdings.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standard — Fence (Code 382) and Access Road (Code 560) — building fences and access tracks.
IEC 60335-2-76: Particular requirements for electric fence energizers — safety of electric fence energisers.
Gallagher: Power Fence Systems Manual — earthing, voltage and maintenance of electric fences.
Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (LCIE): guidance on protecting hives and livestock from large carnivores with electric fences.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — living hedges and windbreaks.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — stages of developing a homestead.
Hartman, B. (2015): The Lean Farm. Chelsea Green — planning work and investment on a small farm.
Holmgren, D. (2002): Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability. Holmgren Design Services — small and slow solutions, feedback.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. Faber & Faber — the order of setting up a holding.
Seymour, J. (1976): The Complete Book of Self-Sufficiency. Faber & Faber — first steps on a holding.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — small gardens, compost, yields.
Dowding, C. (2007): Organic Gardening: The Natural No-Dig Way. Green Books — no-dig beds.
World Health Organization (WHO): Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases — asbestos risks.
Health and Safety Executive (hse.gov.uk) and US EPA (epa.gov/asbestos): asbestos guidance for property owners.

Soil: cultivation and preparation (39)

FAO (2006): Guidelines for Soil Description, 4th edition. Rome: FAO — describing soil profiles, structure and colour.
USDA NRCS: Guide to Texture by Feel — texture by hand.
USDA NRCS: Soil Quality Test Kit Guide — ring infiltration test, slake test, earthworms.
Ball, B. C., Batey, T., Munkholm, L. J. (2007): Field assessment of soil structural quality – a development of the Peerlkamp test. Soil Use and Management 23 — Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS).
Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2016): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson — pH, organic matter, nutrients.
AHDB: Nutrient Management Guide (RB209) — soil indices for P, K and Mg in England and Wales.
Teagasc: Major and Micro Nutrient Advice for Productive Agricultural Crops ("the Green Book") — Irish soil indices.
GICHD — Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining: risk education on mines and unexploded ordnance.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: 3Rs Explosives Safety Education (Recognize, Retreat, Report) and the Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) programme.
GOV.UK / Environment Agency: guidance on Japanese knotweed, giant hogweed and other invasive non-native plants.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — pioneer plants, overgrown land, animals as workers.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green — clearing, pigs and goats, sheet mulching.
Kowarik, I., Säumel, I. (2007): Biological flora of Central Europe: Ailanthus altissima. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8 — tree of heaven and root suckers.
Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2016): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson — cultivation, soil structure and compaction.
Dowding, C. (2007): Organic Gardening: The Natural No-Dig Way. Green Books — no-dig beds, compost on top.
Fortier, J.-M. (2014): The Market Gardener. New Society Publishers — broadfork, permanent beds, occultation.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press — double digging.
FAO: Conservation Agriculture (fao.org) — reduced tillage, soil cover, crop rotation.
Bartholomew, M. (2013): All New Square Foot Gardening, 3rd edition. Cool Springs Press — raised beds and sizes.
Dowding, C. (2007): Organic Gardening: The Natural No-Dig Way. Green Books — permanent beds, paths, compost on top.
Jeavons, J. (2012): How to Grow More Vegetables, 8th edition. Ten Speed Press — deep beds and planting density.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — wood-core mounds, keyhole beds, sunken beds.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): Raised beds (rhs.org.uk) — materials and filling.
Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2016): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson — soil acidity, buffering capacity, liming.
FAO (2006): Plant nutrition for food security: A guide for integrated nutrient management. FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin 16 — acidity and nutrient availability.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): Soil pH and liming (rhs.org.uk) — limestone doses by soil type in the garden.
AHDB: Nutrient Management Guide (RB209) — lime recommendations for arable and grassland in England and Wales.
Penn State Extension: Soil Acidity and Aglime — liming materials, neutralising value, fineness.
Retamales, J. B., Hancock, J. F. (2018): Blueberries, 2nd edition. CABI — pH and growing medium for blueberries, sulphur.
FAO (2000): Manual on integrated soil management and conservation practices. FAO Land and Water Bulletin 8 — erosion, contour working, grass strips, terraces.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — A-frame, swales, terraces.
UNESCO (2018): Art of dry stone walling, knowledge and techniques — inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Dry Stone Walling Association of Great Britain: Dry Stone Walling: Materials and Techniques — wall cross-section, through-stones, batter.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standards — contour farming, terraces, grassed waterways and vegetative barriers.
FAO: Drainage of Irrigated Lands. Irrigation Water Management Training Manual 9 — principles of drainage, fall, drain spacing.
Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2016): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson — water in soil, waterlogging, gley colours.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standard 606: Subsurface Drain — cross-section, materials and fall of subsurface drains.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): Drainage (rhs.org.uk) — garden drainage, soakaways.
BRE Digest 365: Soakaway design — percolation testing and sizing soakaways (UK).

Soil fertility (43)

Rynk, R. (ed.) (1992): On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54). Ithaca, NY: Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service. C:N ratios, moisture, heap size and the stages of composting.
Cornell Waste Management Institute: Cornell Composting — Science and Engineering (compost.css.cornell.edu). Working out a mix and C:N of materials.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203: conditions for compost (C:N 25–40, 55–77 °C for 3 days, or 15 days with 5 turnings).
Misra, R. V., Roy, R. N., Hiraoka, H. (2003): On-farm composting methods. FAO Land and Water Discussion Paper. Rome: FAO.
Jenkins, J. (2019): The Humanure Handbook, 4th edition. Joseph Jenkins Inc. Temperature and the destruction of pathogens in a home heap.
Magdoff, F., van Es, H. (2009): Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd edition. SARE. Compost, organic matter and nitrogen release.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice pages on compost bins and leaf mould.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203: 120- and 90-day intervals between fresh manure and harvest, and the conditions for compost.
Council Directive 91/676/EEC (Nitrates Directive): no more than 170 kg N/ha a year from livestock manure in vulnerable zones.
AHDB: Nutrient Management Guide (RB209), Section 2: Organic materials. Nutrient content and nitrogen availability from manures.
Defra / Environment Agency: Farming Rules for Water and the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone rules (gov.uk). Spreading distances from water and closed periods in England.
Teagasc and DAFM: guidance on the Good Agricultural Practice (Nitrates) Regulations in Ireland.
Cornell Waste Management Institute (2012): Herbicide Carryover in Hay, Manure, Compost, and Grass Clippings. Bean test and herbicide residues.
Rynk, R. (ed.) (1992): On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54). NRAES. Composting manure.
Logsdon, G. (2010): Holy Shit: Managing Manure to Save Mankind. Chelsea Green. Manure on a small homestead.
Appelhof, M. (1997): Worms Eat My Garbage, 2nd edition. Kalamazoo: Flower Press. Box sizing rules, bedding and feeding.
Edwards, C. A., Arancon, N. Q., Sherman, R. (eds) (2011): Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Wastes, and Environmental Management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Biology of composting worms, temperature, moisture and breeding.
Sherman, R. (2018): The Worm Farmer's Handbook. Chelsea Green. Beds, harvesting and using vermicompost.
Cornell Waste Management Institute: Cornell Composting — Science and Engineering (compost.css.cornell.edu). Composting with worms at school and at home.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice page on wormeries.
Clark, A. (ed.) (2007): Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd edition. SARE, Beltsville. Species, sowing, nitrogen fixation and ending cover crops.
Magdoff, F., van Es, H. (2009): Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd edition. SARE. Cover crops, rotation and organic matter.
Weil, R. R., Brady, N. C. (2017): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson. Biological nitrogen fixation and the C:N of plant residues.
Fortier, J.-M. (2014): The Market Gardener. New Society Publishers. Tarping and ending green manures on small areas.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice page on green manures.
Stout, R., Clemence, R. (1971): The Ruth Stout No-Work Garden Book. Emmaus: Rodale. Deep hay mulch.
Lanza, P. (1998): Lasagna Gardening. Emmaus: Rodale. No-dig beds of cardboard and layers.
Dowding, C. (2022): No Dig. London: DK. No-dig beds with compost mulch in UK conditions.
Magdoff, F., van Es, H. (2009): Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd edition. SARE. Organic matter, mulch and nitrogen lock-up.
Cornell Waste Management Institute (2012): Herbicide Carryover in Hay, Manure, Compost, and Grass Clippings. Herbicide residues in straw and hay.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green. Mulch, layered beds and the forest garden.
WHO (2006): Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater, Volume 4: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. Geneva: World Health Organization. The 1-month interval and storage of urine.
Jönsson, H., Richert Stintzing, A., Vinnerås, B., Salomon, E. (2004): Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production. EcoSanRes, Stockholm Environment Institute. Composition of urine and amounts per m².
Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T. A., Dagerskog, L. (2010): Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine in Crop Production. EcoSanRes, Stockholm Environment Institute.
Weil, R. R., Brady, N. C. (2017): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson. Ash as a liming material and source of potash.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green. Comfrey and dynamic accumulator plants.
Garden Organic and the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice on comfrey and nettle liquid feeds.
AHDB: Nutrient Management Guide (RB209), Section 1: Principles of nutrient management, Section 2: Organic materials and Section 6: Vegetables and bulbs. Soil indices, nutrient content of manures and vegetable needs.
Teagasc (2020): Major and Micro Nutrient Advice for Productive Agricultural Crops ("Green Book"), 5th edition. Soil P and K indices in Ireland.
Council Directive 91/676/EEC (Nitrates Directive): the 170 kg N/ha limit from livestock manure and action programmes.
Magdoff, F., van Es, H. (2009): Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd edition. SARE. Nutrient budgets, organic matter and fertility planning.
Weil, R. R., Brady, N. C. (2017): The Nature and Properties of Soils, 15th edition. Pearson. Nitrogen mineralisation and the phosphorus and potassium cycles.
Jönsson, H. et al. (2004): Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production. EcoSanRes, Stockholm Environment Institute. Urine as a nitrogen source.

Water (46)

FAO (1998): Crop Evapotranspiration — Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome — crop water needs by climate.
WHO (2022): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition incorporating the addenda. Geneva — quantity and quality of household water.
USDA NRCS: National Engineering Handbook, Part 650 — measuring flow in open channels.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — the homestead water budget and water storage.
Lancaster, B. (2013): Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol. 1. Rainsource Press — rainwater and site water budgets.
Met Office and Met Éireann climate averages; NOAA U.S. Climate Normals — monthly rainfall for your area.
WHO (2022): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition incorporating addenda. Geneva — source protection, sanitary inspection of wells.
WHO (1997): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Vol. 3: Surveillance and Control of Community Supplies. Geneva — sanitary inspection of wells and spring boxes.
Watt, S. B. and Wood, W. E. (1977): Hand Dug Wells and their Construction. Intermediate Technology Publications — ring-lined dug wells.
NIOSH (1986): A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces. Publication 87-113 — gases and safe work in confined spaces.
HSE: Safe work in confined spaces (Confined Spaces Regulations 1997, Approved Code of Practice L101) — UK.
US EPA: Private Drinking Water Wells — maintenance and shock chlorination of private wells.
Drinking Water Inspectorate (England and Wales) and EPA Ireland — guidance on private water supplies and wells.
Lancaster, B. (2013): Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol. 1, 2nd edition. Rainsource Press — rainwater harvesting and tank sizing.
Texas Water Development Board (2005): The Texas Manual on Rainwater Harvesting, 3rd edition. Austin — roof coefficients, first flush, disinfection.
WHO (2022): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition incorporating addenda. Geneva — rainwater as a source of drinking water.
BS EN 16941-1: On-site non-potable water systems — Part 1: Systems for the use of rainwater. BSI — the UK/European standard for rainwater systems.
DIN 1989-1 (2002): Regenwassernutzungsanlagen — German standard for rainwater systems (calmed inlet, floating extraction, overflow).
HSE (hse.gov.uk): guidance on asbestos-cement roofs and on working at height.
FAO (1998): Crop Evapotranspiration, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome — crop water requirements.
FAO (2002): Localized Irrigation Systems: Planning, Design, Operation and Maintenance (Irrigation Manual, Module 9, Savva and Frenken). Harare — drip: components, calculation, maintenance.
USDA NRCS: National Engineering Handbook, Part 623, Chapter 7: Microirrigation — flow, pressure, filtration.
Lancaster, B. (2013): Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol. 1. Rainsource Press — gravity irrigation from a tank.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice on watering and water butts — watering in UK gardens.
WRAS (Water Regulations Advisory Scheme): guidance on backflow prevention for garden and irrigation systems (UK).
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — swales, keyline, ponds and dams.
Lancaster, B. (2013): Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, Vol. 1, 2nd edition. Rainsource Press — "slow it, spread it, sink it", earthworks.
Yeomans, P. A. (1954): The Keyline Plan. Sydney — working on contour and holding water in the soil.
USDA NRCS (1997): Ponds — Planning, Design, Construction. Agriculture Handbook 590 — building ponds, embankments, spillways, sealing.
Bot, A. and Benites, J. (2005): The Importance of Soil Organic Matter. FAO Soils Bulletin 80. Rome — humus, soil structure and water retention.
Freshwater Habitats Trust (UK) — guidance on creating and managing wildlife ponds.
WHO (2022): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition incorporating the first and second addenda. Geneva — microbial and chemical risks, guideline values, boiling, chlorination.
Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the quality of water intended for human consumption — parameter limits.
US EPA: Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water — bleach doses and procedure.
CDC: Making Water Safe in an Emergency and Boil Water Advisory — boiling and emergency disinfection.
NSF/ANSI 55: Ultraviolet Microbiological Water Treatment Systems — UV dose and operating conditions.
WHO and UNICEF (2011): Evaluating Household Water Treatment Options. Geneva — filters, SODIS, household water treatment.
Health Canada: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality — Canadian limits.
Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) and EPA Ireland — guidance for private water supplies and private wells.
Ludwig, A. (2015): The New Create an Oasis with Greywater, 6th edition. Oasis Design — greywater systems, mulch basins, cleaning products.
WHO (2006): Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater, Vol. 4: Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture. Geneva — health risks and rules of use.
Jenkins, J. (2019): The Humanure Handbook, 4th edition. Joseph Jenkins Inc. — dry toilets and composting human waste.
US EPA (2002): Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008 — septic tanks, drainage fields, maintenance.
NIOSH (1986): A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces. Publication 87-113 — gases in pits and confined spaces.
Environment Agency (gov.uk): General binding rules: small sewage discharge to the ground / to a surface water — septic tanks in England.
US EPA SepticSmart — owner's guidance on septic system care.

Tools and machinery (32)

Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — tools for a small market garden and the oscillating hoe.
Seymour, J. (2003): The Self-Sufficient Life and How to Live It. Dorling Kindersley — basic household and homestead tools.
Logsdon, G. (1994): The Contrary Farmer. Chelsea Green — hand tools on a small farm.
Tresemer, D. (1996): The Scythe Book: Mowing Hay, Cutting Weeds, and Harvesting Small Grains with Hand Tools, 2nd edition. Alan C. Hood — setting up and using a scythe.
Seymour, J. (2003): The Self-Sufficient Life and How to Live It. Dorling Kindersley — scythe, sickle and harvesting by hand.
Bealer, A. W. (1976): The Tools That Built America. Barre / Crown — axes, broad axes, adzes and old hand tools.
Logsdon, G. (1994): The Contrary Farmer. Chelsea Green — hand tools and mowing on a small farm.
Scythe Association of Britain and Ireland (SABI) — courses, mowing events and advice for UK and Irish mowers.
Tresemer, D. (1996): The Scythe Book, 2nd edition. Alan C. Hood — honing and peening the scythe.
Lee, L. (1995): The Complete Guide to Sharpening. Taunton Press — edge angles, files, stones and overheating steel.
Seymour, J. (2003): The Self-Sufficient Life and How to Live It. Dorling Kindersley — care of household and homestead tools.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): guidance on the safe use of grinders and abrasive wheels.
OSHA (US): rules and guidance on abrasive wheel machinery and bench grinders.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): guidance on safe use of agricultural machinery and power take-offs.
OSHA (US): material on agricultural machinery safety and rotating parts.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — the walk-behind tractor and its attachments on a small farm.
Manufacturers' manuals for two-wheel tractors and attachments (service intervals, trailer capacity, weights) — always take priority over this module.
NIOSH (CDC, US): materials on tractor overturns, roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and seatbelts.
OSHA (US): Roll-over protective structures and materials on power take-off (PTO) hazards in agriculture.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): guidance on safe use of tractors, Safe Stop and PTO shafts.
HSA (Health and Safety Authority, Ireland): farm safety guidance on tractors and machinery.
EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work): materials on safety in agriculture.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): guidance on the safe use of power tools, abrasive wheels and welding.
OSHA (US): guidance on hot work and welding, and on hand and power tools.
NFPA (US): guidance on spontaneous combustion of oily rags and fire safety in workshops.
Seymour, J. (2003): The Self-Sufficient Life and How to Live It. Dorling Kindersley — the workshop and repairs on a homestead.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): Farmwise — your essential guide to health and safety in agriculture, and guidance on noise, hand-arm vibration, ladders and manual handling.
HSA (Health and Safety Authority, Ireland): farm safety code of practice and farm risk assessment documents.
EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work): material on safety and health in agriculture.
ILO (2011): Safety and health in agriculture. ILO code of practice. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
NIOSH (CDC, US): material on child safety on farms and on tractor overturns.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC): International First Aid, Resuscitation and Education Guidelines — basic first aid.

The vegetable garden (36)

Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — yields per area, beds and planning for a family.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — bed layout, succession and rotation on a small holding.
Bartholomew, M. (2013): All New Square Foot Gardening. Cool Springs Press — close planting on small areas.
FAO (2001): Improving Nutrition through Home Gardening. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — the home garden and family nutrition.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): vegetable growing advice and the Award of Garden Merit lists.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — soil blocks, cold frames and hotbeds.
Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — sowing in flats and pricking out.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice on sowing indoors, pricking out, hardening off and damping off (rhs.org.uk).
University of Minnesota Extension: Starting seeds indoors — light, temperature and hardening off.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — autumn sowing, counting back from the first frost and the winter garden.
Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — spacings, depths and days to harvest.
University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR): soil temperature tables for vegetable germination.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): guides to sowing vegetables and successional sowing (rhs.org.uk).
Met Office (UK) and Met Éireann: climate averages and frost data by station.
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map; NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information — freeze and frost data for US stations; Natural Resources Canada — plant hardiness zones of Canada.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — rotation by family on a small farm, green manures.
Mohler, C. L. and Johnson, S. E., eds. (2009): Crop Rotation on Organic Farms: A Planning Manual. NRAES-177, Cornell — families, feeders and rotation planning.
SARE (2012): Managing Cover Crops Profitably, 3rd edition. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education — green manures and cover crops.
Landis, D. A., Wratten, S. D. and Gurr, G. M. (2000): Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annual Review of Entomology 45 — flower strips and beneficial insects.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice pages on crop rotation, clubroot and green manures.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — irrigation, hoeing tools, mulch.
FAO (1998): Crop Evapotranspiration — Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56 — crop water needs.
University of Minnesota Extension and Penn State Extension: guides on watering the vegetable garden, mulch and blossom end rot in tomatoes.
Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — watering and care of closely planted beds.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice pages on watering, mulching, tomato care and herbicide contamination of manure.
Ellis, B. W. and Bradley, F. M., eds. (1996): The Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Insect and Disease Control. Rodale Press — identification and protection without synthetic pesticides.
Bettiol, W. (1999): Effectiveness of cow's milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew in greenhouse conditions. Crop Protection 18 — milk against powdery mildew.
University of California IPM Program (ipm.ucdavis.edu): descriptions of vegetable pests and diseases, integrated pest management.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice on slugs, blight, clubroot and netting (rhs.org.uk).
Landis, D. A., Wratten, S. D. and Gurr, G. M. (2000): Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annual Review of Entomology 45 — beneficial insects.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — winter gardening, tunnels and the short-day period.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — harvesting, season extension and cold frames.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — preparing vegetables for storage and storage conditions.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203 — the 90- and 120-day interval between applying raw manure and harvest.
University of Minnesota Extension: Harvesting and storing home garden vegetables — signs of ripeness and storage.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice on harvesting, storing and winter vegetables (rhs.org.uk).

The polytunnel (38)

Coleman, E. (1999): Four-Season Harvest, revised edition. Chelsea Green — unheated tunnels, winter vegetables.
Blomgren, T., Frisch, T. (2007): High Tunnels: Using Low-Cost Technology to Increase Yields, Improve Quality and Extend the Season. University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture — site choice, orientation, frame.
Penn State Extension: High Tunnel Production Manual — sizes, covers, ventilation.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standard 325, High Tunnel System — basic requirements for a high tunnel.
FAO (2013): Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops: Principles for Mediterranean climate areas. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 — tunnel types, covers, climate.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): guidance on greenhouses and polytunnels — siting, ventilation, crops.
Planning Portal (England and Wales) — permitted development for outbuildings and agricultural buildings.
Coleman, E. (1999): Four-Season Harvest, revised edition. Chelsea Green — low tunnels, inner covers, winter vegetables.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — mobile and low tunnels, row covers.
Blomgren, T., Frisch, T. (2007): High Tunnels. University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture — anchoring, film, snow.
Penn State Extension: High Tunnel Production Manual — covers and ventilation.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): guidance on cloches, fleece and crop covers.
Blomgren, T., Frisch, T. (2007): High Tunnels: Using Low-Cost Technology to Increase Yields, Improve Quality and Extend the Season. University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture — frame, anchoring, snow, fitting the film.
Penn State Extension: High Tunnel Production Manual — choice of frame, side ventilation.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standard 325, High Tunnel System — minimum requirements for frame and snow load.
EN 13031-1: Greenhouses — Design and construction — Part 1: Commercial production greenhouses. CEN (BS EN in the UK, I.S. EN in Ireland) — European standard for greenhouse design.
EN 1991-1-3 (Eurocode 1): Snow loads. CEN — basis for snow load maps in the UK and Ireland.
Nelson, P. V. (2012): Greenhouse Operation and Management, 7th edition. Pearson — ventilation, cooling, humidity, temperatures by crop.
FAO (2013): Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops: Principles for Mediterranean climate areas. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 — tunnel climate, irrigation, shading.
Blomgren, T., Frisch, T. (2007): High Tunnels. University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture — side ventilation and irrigation in tunnels.
Penn State Extension: High Tunnel Production Manual — ventilation, drip irrigation, water needs.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): guidance on greenhouse ventilation, shading and damping down.
Coleman, E. (1999): Four-Season Harvest, revised edition. Chelsea Green — winter vegetables in an unheated tunnel, the short-day rule.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — sowing for winter harvest, crops and dates.
FAO (2013): Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops: Principles for Mediterranean climate areas. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 — tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers under cover, planting density.
Penn State Extension: High Tunnel Production Manual — training tomatoes and cucumbers in a tunnel.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): guidance on growing tomatoes, cucumbers and winter salads under cover.
Malais, M. H., Ravensberg, W. J. (2003): Knowing and Recognizing: The Biology of Glasshouse Pests and Their Natural Enemies. Koppert / Reed Business Information — tunnel pests and their natural enemies.
FAO (2013): Good Agricultural Practices for greenhouse vegetable crops: Principles for Mediterranean climate areas. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 217 — integrated pest management, solarisation, hygiene.
Katan, J., DeVay, J. E. (eds.) (1991): Soil Solarization. CRC Press — principles and effect of solarisation.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — soil and plant health in a tunnel without chemicals.
EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization): data on regulated pests, including ToBRFV and Tuta absoluta.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): pest and disease advice and biological control for gardeners.
Coleman, E. (1999): Four-Season Harvest, revised edition. Chelsea Green — cold tunnel, inner tunnels, winter crops.
Coleman, E. (2009): The Winter Harvest Handbook. Chelsea Green — winter production without heating, layers of protection.
Nelson, P. V. (2012): Greenhouse Operation and Management, 7th edition. Pearson — heat loss through covers, double film.
Blomgren, T., Frisch, T. (2007): High Tunnels. University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture — winter in a tunnel, snow, inner covers.
World Health Organization (WHO, 2010): WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants — carbon monoxide indoors.

The orchard (30)

FAO (2017): Integrated Production and Protection of Fruit Trees and related publications on fruit growing on small farms. Rome: FAO.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice on apple and pear rootstocks, pollination groups and planting distances (rhs.org.uk).
Cornell University Cooperative Extension: Rootstocks for apple trees and advice for the home orchard.
Phillips, M. (2005): The Apple Grower: A Guide for the Organic Orchardist. Chelsea Green.
Phillips, M. (2011): The Holistic Orchard. Chelsea Green.
National Fruit Collection, Brogdale (UK), Irish Seed Savers Association and USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva NY — collections of heritage apple and pear varieties.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Fruit trees: planting and Fruit trees: staking — planting hole, stake, ties and planting depth (rhs.org.uk).
University of Minnesota Extension: Planting and caring for fruit trees — planting bare-root and container trees, the first year.
Phillips, M. (2011): The Holistic Orchard. Chelsea Green — soil preparation, mulch, protecting young trees.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Apples and pears: winter pruning, Plums: pruning, Pruning cherries and Silver leaf (rhs.org.uk).
Penn State Extension: Training and Pruning Fruit Trees — tree forms, collar cuts, maintenance pruning.
Shigo, A. L. (1989): Tree Pruning: A Worldwide Photo Guide. Shigo and Trees — the collar cut and wound closure.
Washington State Department of Labor & Industries: advice on safe use of orchard ladders.
Garner, R. J. (2013): The Grafter's Handbook, 6th edition. Chelsea Green / Cassell — the classic manual for all grafting methods.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Grafting fruit trees: chip budding, T-budding and Top-working (rhs.org.uk).
University of Minnesota Extension: Grafting and budding fruit trees — scion wood, storage and aftercare of grafts.
Phillips, M. (2011): The Holistic Orchard. Chelsea Green — top-working and multi-variety trees.
Phillips, M. (2011): The Holistic Orchard. Chelsea Green — soil under the canopy, mulch, helper plants, natural feeding of fruit trees.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Fruit: feeding, Fruit thinning and Watering fruit trees (rhs.org.uk).
Penn State Extension: Fruit Production for the Home Gardener — feeding, irrigation and fruit thinning.
FAO (2017): Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management. Rome: FAO — organic matter and soil protection.
Phillips, M. (2011): The Holistic Orchard. Chelsea Green — a healthy orchard without synthetic products, prevention and biological measures.
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1165 — permitted products and the copper limit (28 kg/ha over 7 years).
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Apple scab, Peach leaf curl, Codling moth, Fireblight and Brown rot (rhs.org.uk).
FAO: Integrated Pest Management — principles of monitoring and deciding before spraying.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Chemicals Regulation Division — authorised pesticides and rules for amateur use in the UK.
USDA Agricultural Research Service (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks, Agriculture Handbook 66 — temperature, humidity and storage life of fruit.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Apples and pears: harvesting and storing (rhs.org.uk).
Cornell University Cooperative Extension: the iodine starch test for apple maturity.
FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius (2003): Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Patulin Contamination in Apple Juice — rotten fruit and patulin.

Soft fruit and grapevines (35)

Pritts, M. and Handley, D. (eds.) (1998): Strawberry Production Guide for the Northeast, Midwest, and Eastern Canada (NRAES-88). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — site selection, planting stock and strawberry rotation.
Pritts, M. and Handley, D. (eds.) (1989): Bramble Production Guide (NRAES-35). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — raspberries and blackberries, spacing and supports.
Pritts, M. and Hancock, J. (eds.) (1992): Highbush Blueberry Production Guide (NRAES-55). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — acid soil and conditions for blueberries.
Mirošević, N. and Karoglan Kontić, J. (2008): Vinogradarstvo. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus — site, varieties and rootstocks for vines.
Nikolić, M. and Milivojević, J. (2010): Jagodaste voćke: tehnologija gajenja. Čačak: Naučno voćarsko društvo Srbije — varieties and growing methods.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): advice pages on growing soft fruit and grapes — varieties and timings for the UK.
Pritts, M. and Handley, D. (eds.) (1989): Bramble Production Guide (NRAES-35). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — cane biology, supports, pruning summer and autumn raspberries and blackberries.
Nikolić, M. and Milivojević, J. (2010): Jagodaste voćke: tehnologija gajenja. Čačak: Naučno voćarsko društvo Srbije — raspberry and blackberry varieties and growing methods.
Oregon State University Extension Service: guides to growing raspberries and blackberries in the home garden (Strik, B. C.) — spacing, pruning and picking.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): advice on growing raspberries and blackberries — UK varieties and pruning.
James Hutton Institute (Scotland) — breeding of the "Glen" raspberry varieties.
Pritts, M. and Hancock, J. (eds.) (1992): Highbush Blueberry Production Guide (NRAES-55). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — pH, growing mix, planting, pruning and pollination of blueberries.
Nikolić, M. and Milivojević, J. (2010): Jagodaste voćke: tehnologija gajenja. Čačak: Naučno voćarsko društvo Srbije — currants, gooseberries, aronia and blueberries.
Oregon State University Extension Service: guides to growing blueberries in the home garden (Strik, B. C.) — varieties, pruning and care.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice on pruning blackcurrants, redcurrants and gooseberries.
Pritts, M. and Handley, D. (eds.) (1998): Strawberry Production Guide for the Northeast, Midwest, and Eastern Canada (NRAES-88). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — planting stock, beds, renovation after picking, renewing plantings.
Nikolić, M. and Milivojević, J. (2010): Jagodaste voćke: tehnologija gajenja. Čačak: Naučno voćarsko društvo Srbije — varieties and planting times.
University of Minnesota Extension: Growing strawberries in the home garden — strawberry types, mulch and winter protection.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): advice on rooting runners and renewing strawberry beds.
Mirošević, N. and Karoglan Kontić, J. (2008): Vinogradarstvo. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus — site, rootstocks, soil preparation, planting and trellis.
Burić, D. (1995): Savremeno vinogradarstvo. Belgrade: Nolit — establishing a vineyard, training systems and trellis.
Dry, P. R. and Coombe, B. G. (eds.) (2004): Viticulture, Volume 1: Resources, 2nd edition. Adelaide: Winetitles — rootstocks, phylloxera, site.
Wolf, T. K. (ed.) (2008): Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America (NRAES-145). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — trellis, posts, anchors and wires.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): advice on growing grapes outdoors and under glass in the UK.
Mirošević, N. and Karoglan Kontić, J. (2008): Vinogradarstvo. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus — training systems, winter pruning and canopy work.
Burić, D. (1995): Savremeno vinogradarstvo. Belgrade: Nolit — bud load, pruning and vineyard practice.
Jackson, R. S. (2014): Wine Science: Principles and Applications, 4th edition. San Diego: Academic Press — bud fruitfulness and leaf-to-fruit ratio.
Wolf, T. K. (ed.) (2008): Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America (NRAES-145). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — Guyot and cordon, canopy management, assessing winter bud injury.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): advice on pruning grapevines outdoors and under glass (rod and spur, Guyot).
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council on organic production and labelling of organic products — framework for organic production and permitted products.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1981 — renewal of approval of copper compounds and the limit of 28 kg/ha over 7 years.
Wilcox, W. F., Gubler, W. D. and Uyemoto, J. K. (eds.) (2015): Compendium of Grape Diseases, Disorders, and Pests, 2nd edition. St. Paul: APS Press — downy mildew, powdery mildew and grey mould.
Mirošević, N. and Karoglan Kontić, J. (2008): Vinogradarstvo. Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus — vine protection and judging ripeness.
Pritts, M. and Handley, D. (eds.) (1989): Bramble Production Guide (NRAES-35). Ithaca, NY: NRAES — diseases and pests of raspberries and blackberries.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): advice on grapevine downy and powdery mildew, spotted wing drosophila and netting soft fruit.

Field crops: grain, maize, pulses and potatoes (31)

FAO (2016): Save and Grow in Practice: Maize, Rice, Wheat. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — grain on small farms, rotation and soil care.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — grain, maize and pulses on a small scale, hand harvesting and threshing.
Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — yields and the area needed to feed one person, including grain.
Coleman, E. (2018): The New Organic Grower, 3rd edition. Chelsea Green — rotation and planning a small farm.
AHDB (Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board): cereal and potato guidance for the UK.
FAO (2016): Save and Grow in Practice: Maize, Rice, Wheat. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — grain on small farms, rotation and soil health.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — wheat, rye, barley, oats and spelt on a small scale, hand sowing and care.
EFSA (2012): Scientific Opinion on Ergot alkaloids in food and feed. EFSA Journal 10(7):2798 — ergot and the danger to people and animals.
AHDB: Wheat Growth Guide and Barley Growth Guide — growth stages, sowing dates and seed rates in the UK.
FAO (2016): Save and Grow in Practice: Maize, Rice, Wheat. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — maize on small farms, rotation, density and soil health.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — maize for grain on a small scale, hand harvest and drying on the cob.
Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — pollination, isolation and the number of plants for saving maize seed.
Iowa State University Extension: Corn Growth and Development — growth stages, black layer and moisture.
FAO (2016): Pulses: Nutritious Seeds for a Sustainable Future. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — pulses in diet and farming, nitrogen fixation.
Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — pollination and seed saving for beans, broad beans, chickpeas and lentils.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Bad Bug Book, 2nd edition (2012), chapter on phytohaemagglutinin — poisoning from raw and undercooked beans.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — dry beans and pulses on a small field, harvest and threshing.
Food Standards Agency (UK): advice on soaking and boiling dried kidney beans.
FAO (2009): New Light on a Hidden Treasure: International Year of the Potato 2008. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — potatoes in the diet, growing and storage.
EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization): standards and lists of quarantine organisms, Synchytrium endobioticum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Clavibacter sepedonicus, Globodera spp.
Hare, J. D. (1990): Ecology and management of the Colorado potato beetle. Annual Review of Entomology 35: 81–100 — beetle biology and control without insecticides.
AHDB Potatoes and the James Hutton Institute: Hutton Criteria and blight risk; SASA: Seed Potato Classification Scheme.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — hand harvest, the cradle scythe, sheaves, threshing and winnowing on a small scale.
FAO (2011): Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — grain losses from harvest to store.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE): agriculture guidance, including "Safe Stop", PTO guarding and farmer's lung; OSHA (US) agricultural safety materials.
EU-OSHA, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work: materials on safety in agriculture, machinery and dust.
FAO (2011): Rural structures in the tropics: design and development, chapters on drying and storing grain. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority): scientific opinions on aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in food and feed.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — drying on the cob, the corn crib and storing grain on a small homestead.
FAO (2011): Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. Rome — grain losses in drying and storage.
AHDB: Grain Storage Guide — drying, cooling and monitoring stored grain in the UK.

Forage and pasture (33)

Ball, D. M., Hoveland, C. S. and Lacefield, G. D. (2015): Southern Forages, 5th edition. International Plant Nutrition Institute — forage plants, yields and forage planning.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press — requirements of goats and sheep.
National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition. Washington: National Academy Press — dry matter intake in cattle.
FAO: Grassland Index and publications on grassland and forage (fao.org) — forage species and grassland management.
AHDB (ahdb.org.uk) and Teagasc (teagasc.ie): grassland and forage guidance for the UK and Ireland.
Hopkins, A. (ed.) (2000): Grass: Its Production and Utilization, 3rd edition. Blackwell Science (British Grassland Society) — feeding, renewal and management of grassland.
Ball, D. M., Hoveland, C. S. and Lacefield, G. D. (2015): Southern Forages, 5th edition. International Plant Nutrition Institute — grass and clover species, overseeding.
AHDB (2023): Nutrient Management Guide (RB209), Section 3: Grassland and forage crops — fertilising and liming grassland.
FAO: Grassland Index (fao.org) — descriptions of forage grasses and clovers.
Teagasc (teagasc.ie) and county Cooperative Extension services: grassland reseeding and soil fertility guides.
Rotz, C. A. and Muck, R. E. (1994): Changes in forage quality during harvest and storage. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. Madison: ASA, CSSA, SSSA — losses during drying and storage.
Penn State Extension: Preventing Hay Fires (extension.psu.edu) — spontaneous combustion of hay, temperatures and procedures.
Ball, D. M., Hoveland, C. S. and Lacefield, G. D. (2015): Southern Forages, 5th edition. International Plant Nutrition Institute — cutting time and hay quality.
Hopkins, A. (ed.) (2000): Grass: Its Production and Utilization, 3rd edition. Blackwell Science — forage conservation.
HSE (hse.gov.uk): agriculture safety guidance, including machinery and farmer's lung.
Undersander, D. et al. (2011): Alfalfa Management Guide. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, CSSA, SSSA — sowing, cutting, autumn rest and pests of lucerne.
Ball, D. M., Hoveland, C. S. and Lacefield, G. D. (2015): Southern Forages, 5th edition. International Plant Nutrition Institute — clovers, inoculation and bloat.
Hopkins, A. (ed.) (2000): Grass: Its Production and Utilization, 3rd edition. Blackwell Science — legumes in grassland.
FAO: Grassland Index (fao.org) — descriptions of lucerne, clovers, bird's-foot trefoil and sainfoin.
Wilkinson, J. M. (2005): Silage. Lincoln: Chalcombe Publications — principles of ensiling, losses and silage safety.
Muck, R. E., Moser, L. E. and Pitt, R. E. (2003): Postharvest factors affecting ensiling. In: Silage Science and Technology. Madison: ASA, CSSA, SSSA — moisture, compaction and aerobic stability.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — listeriosis and botulism in goats.
EFSA and ECDC: annual reports on zoonoses (efsa.europa.eu) — listeria in food and milk.
AHDB and Teagasc: silage guides for the UK and Ireland.
Voisin, A. (1959): Grass Productivity. London: Crosby Lockwood — the basics of rotational grazing and pasture rest.
Hodgson, J. (1990): Grazing Management: Science into Practice. Harlow: Longman — sward height, intake and grazing management.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — worms and poisonous plants in goats.
Undersander, D. et al. (2002): Pastures for Profit: A Guide to Rotational Grazing (A3529). University of Wisconsin Extension — paddock size and number, pasture rest.
SCOPS (Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep) and COWS (Control of Worms Sustainably), UK — worm control guidance.
Fuller, M. F. (ed.) (2004): The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition. Wallingford: CABI — fodder roots, brassicas and their harmful substances.
Ball, D. M., Hoveland, C. S. and Lacefield, G. D. (2015): Southern Forages, 5th edition. International Plant Nutrition Institute — forage brassicas, sorghum and Sudan grass, cyanide and nitrates.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — choke, plant poisoning.
AHDB: Forage Brassicas and publications on forage crops (ahdb.org.uk) — stubble turnips, kale, limits in the ration.

Medicinal and culinary herbs (38)

McVicar, J. (2007): Jekka's Complete Herb Book, revised edition. Kyle Cathie — growing, soil and propagation of culinary and medicinal herbs.
Bown, D. (2002): The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley — Latin names, cultivation, frost hardiness.
Mollison, B. (1988): Permaculture: A Designers' Manual. Tagari — homestead zones, herb spiral, microclimate.
Hemenway, T. (2009): Gaia's Garden, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — herbs in the garden, beneficial insects, guilds.
Royal Horticultural Society (rhs.org.uk): plant hardiness ratings and herb growing advice.
McVicar, J. (2007): Jekka's Complete Herb Book, revised edition. Kyle Cathie — growing, propagating and harvesting culinary herbs.
Bown, D. (2002): The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. Dorling Kindersley — plant descriptions and Latin names.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): guidance on herb and garlic oils and herb vinegars.
Frohne, D., Pfänder, H. J. (2005): Poisonous Plants, 2nd edition. Manson Publishing — fool's parsley, cherry laurel and poisonous members of the carrot family.
European Medicines Agency, HMPC: monographs on sage (Salvia officinalis) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) — cautions in pregnancy and for children.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk): advice on botulism and storing flavoured oils.
European Medicines Agency, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC): EU herbal monographs (chamomile, calendula, lemon balm, peppermint, sage, thyme, lavender, marshmallow, valerian, St John's wort, yarrow, ribwort plantain, nettle, dandelion, mullein, lime flower, elder, hawthorn, rosehip, comfrey).
Blumenthal, M. (ed.) (1998): The Complete German Commission E Monographs. American Botanical Council — traditional use, doses and contraindications.
ESCOP (2003): ESCOP Monographs, 2nd edition. Thieme — medicinal plants and safety.
WHO (1999–2009): WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, vols. 1–4. World Health Organization.
Wichtl, M. (ed.) (2004): Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, 3rd edition. Medpharm / CRC Press — identifying herbal drugs.
EFSA (2017): Risks for human health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey, tea, herbal infusions and food supplements. EFSA Journal.
MHRA (gov.uk): Traditional Herbal Registration scheme and safety information on St John's wort.
Frohne, D., Pfänder, H. J. (2005): Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians, 2nd edition. Manson Publishing — autumn crocus, hemlock, false hellebore, foxglove and other poisonous species.
Mabey, R.: Food for Free. Collins (first published 1972, many later editions) — wild food plants of Britain and their lookalikes.
Thayer, S. (2006): The Forager's Harvest. Forager's Harvest Press — North American wild plants and safe identification.
Stace, C. (2019): New Flora of the British Isles, 4th edition. C&M Floristics — identification keys.
Wichtl, M. (ed.) (2004): Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, 3rd edition. Medpharm / CRC Press — identifying medicinal plants and adulterants.
WHO (2003): WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. World Health Organization — sustainable collection.
WHO (2003): WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. World Health Organization — harvesting, drying and storing medicinal plants.
Wichtl, M. (ed.) (2004): Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, 3rd edition. Medpharm / CRC Press — quality of dried herbs, adulterants and spoilage.
McVicar, J. (2007): Jekka's Complete Herb Book, revised edition. Kyle Cathie — harvesting and drying culinary herbs at home.
Green, J. (2000): The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook. Crossing Press — drying, fresh-to-dried ratios, storage.
Green, J. (2000): The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook: A Home Manual. Crossing Press — ratios for tinctures, infused oils, glycerites and salves.
Gladstar, R. (2012): Rosemary Gladstar's Medicinal Herbs: A Beginner's Guide. Storey Publishing — home methods for teas, oils and salves.
European Medicines Agency, HMPC: EU herbal monographs — preparation types (infusion, tincture, infused oil) and restrictions for St John's wort and comfrey.
Blumenthal, M. (ed.) (1998): The Complete German Commission E Monographs. American Botanical Council — preparations and dosage.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): herb oils and the risk of botulism.
WHO (2003): WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. World Health Organization — harvest timing by plant part.
Wichtl, M. (ed.) (2004): Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, 3rd edition. Medpharm / CRC Press — harvest times for medicinal plants.
Mabey, R.: Food for Free. Collins (first published 1972, many later editions) — when wild plants are picked in Britain.
McVicar, J. (2007): Jekka's Complete Herb Book, revised edition. Kyle Cathie — picking culinary herbs through the year.
Woodland Trust: Nature's Calendar (naturescalendar.woodlandtrust.org.uk) — UK phenology records you can contribute to; in the US, the USA National Phenology Network.

Seed and propagation (33)

Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — pollination, isolation and plant numbers per crop.
Deppe, C. (2000): Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. Chelsea Green — hybrids, stabilising and selection in the garden.
Organic Seed Alliance (2010): A Seed Saving Guide for Gardeners and Farmers — selection and population diversity.
FAO (2010): The Second Report on the State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture — loss of varietal diversity and the value of on-farm conservation.
Garden Organic, Heritage Seed Library (UK); Irish Seed Savers Association; Seed Savers Exchange (US) — heirloom varieties and seed saving guidance.
Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — pollination, isolation, plant numbers and extraction per crop.
Organic Seed Alliance (2010): A Seed Saving Guide for Gardeners and Farmers — isolation distances and selection.
Deppe, C. (2000): Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties. Chelsea Green — hand pollination and working with small populations.
George, R. A. T. (2009): Vegetable Seed Production, 3rd edition. CABI — biennials, maturity and seed extraction.
Garden Organic, Heritage Seed Library (UK) — seed-saving guidelines for gardeners.
Harrington, J. F. (1972): Seed storage and longevity. In: Kozlowski, T. T. (ed.), Seed Biology, vol. III. Academic Press — the moisture and temperature rules.
ISTA: International Rules for Seed Testing (published annually). International Seed Testing Association — germination testing and count days.
FAO (2014): Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture — drying, moisture and regeneration of collections.
Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — home storage and vegetable seed life.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Millennium Seed Bank — seed drying and storage at low moisture (background).
Davies, F. T., Geneve, R. L., Wilson, S. E. (2018): Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 9th edition. Pearson — cuttings, layering, division and rooting products.
Toogood, A. (ed.) (1999): RHS Propagating Plants. Dorling Kindersley — methods for individual species.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Hardwood cuttings, Semi-ripe cuttings, Layering (rhs.org.uk).
Cooperative Extension (US land-grant universities): fact sheets on propagating fruit and herbs from cuttings.
Garner, R. J. (2013): The Grafter's Handbook, 6th edition. Chelsea Green / Cassell — bench grafting, whip-and-tongue, rootstocks and stool beds.
Davies, F. T., Geneve, R. L., Wilson, S. E. (2018): Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 9th edition. Pearson — stratification, callusing and rootstock production.
Webster, A. D., Wertheim, S. J. (2003): Apple rootstocks. In: Ferree, D. C., Warrington, I. J. (eds), Apples: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI — clonal apple rootstocks.
University of Minnesota Extension: Grafting and budding fruit trees — budding and graft aftercare.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Fruit trees: rootstocks and Grafting (rhs.org.uk).
Davies, F. T., Geneve, R. L., Wilson, S. E. (2018): Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 9th edition. Pearson — nursery layout, lifting, grading and storing young plants.
Garner, R. J. (2013): The Grafter's Handbook, 6th edition. Chelsea Green / Cassell — a fruit nursery on a small holding.
Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on protective measures against pests of plants — plant passports and quarantine pests (applies in Ireland and Northern Ireland).
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Fruit: buying and planting bare-root plants; Heeling in (rhs.org.uk).
FAO (2014): Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture — documentation, duplicates, regeneration of collections.
Directive 2002/55/EC on the marketing of vegetable seed and Directive 2009/145/EC on conservation varieties and varieties for amateur gardeners (EUR-Lex).
Ashworth, S. (2002): Seed to Seed, 2nd edition. Seed Savers Exchange — swapping and working with seed groups.
Organic Seed Alliance (2010): A Seed Saving Guide for Gardeners and Farmers — describing varieties and seed quality.
Garden Organic, Heritage Seed Library (UK); Irish Seed Savers Association; Seed Savers Exchange (US); Seeds of Diversity Canada — seed-saving organisations and swaps.

Mushrooms (31)

Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — species, substrates, colonisation and fruiting temperatures, biological efficiency.
Stamets, P. and Chilton, J. S. (1983): The Mushroom Cultivator. Agarikon Press — growing conditions, moulds and problems.
Oei, P. (2003): Mushroom Cultivation, 3rd edition. Backhuys Publishers — low-tech mushroom growing, straw and logs.
Mudge, K. and Gabriel, S. (2014): Farming the Woods. Chelsea Green — shiitake and oyster on logs in woodland and orchard.
Cotter, T. (2014): Organic Mushroom Farming and Mycoremediation. Chelsea Green — small-scale growing, beds, spent substrate.
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — oyster mushrooms, straw pasteurisation, temperature and humidity by stage.
Oei, P. (2003): Mushroom Cultivation, 3rd edition. Backhuys Publishers — straw, bags and columns, simple pasteurisation.
Stamets, P. and Chilton, J. S. (1983): The Mushroom Cultivator. Agarikon Press — biological efficiency, problems during colonisation and fruiting.
Cotter, T. (2014): Organic Mushroom Farming and Mycoremediation. Chelsea Green — cold lime pasteurisation, small-scale growing, spent substrate.
Cornell University and University of Vermont (2013): Best Management Practices for Log-Based Shiitake Cultivation in the Northeastern United States — choosing wood, felling, hole pattern, colonisation, soaking and resting logs.
Mudge, K. and Gabriel, S. (2014): Farming the Woods. Chelsea Green — shiitake and oyster on logs in woodland, stacking and fruiting.
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — shiitake and oyster on wood, strains, totems.
Oei, P. (2003): Mushroom Cultivation, 3rd edition. Backhuys Publishers — growing on logs.
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — grain spawn, sterilisation, generations and clean technique.
Stamets, P. and Chilton, J. S. (1983): The Mushroom Cultivator. Agarikon Press — grain preparation, cultures, contamination.
Oei, P. (2003): Mushroom Cultivation, 3rd edition. Backhuys Publishers — expanding spawn with simple equipment.
Cotter, T. (2014): Organic Mushroom Farming and Mycoremediation. Chelsea Green — cardboard, still air box, small-scale growing.
USDA National Center for Home Food Preservation — safe use of pressure canners (gauge checks, venting, cooling).
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — wine cap, chip and straw beds, expanding beds.
Stamets, P. (2005): Mycelium Running. Ten Speed Press — mushrooms in the garden, mulch and soil.
Cotter, T. (2014): Organic Mushroom Farming and Mycoremediation. Chelsea Green — outdoor beds, oysters in straw, spent substrate.
Mudge, K. and Gabriel, S. (2014): Farming the Woods. Chelsea Green — wine caps in woodland and orchard systems.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Vegetables (mushrooms) and Freezing Mushrooms — drying, dryness tests, freezing mushrooms.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying, freezing and canning mushrooms, botulism.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning — pressure-canned mushrooms, marinated mushrooms, why not a water bath.
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — ripeness and picking of cultivated mushrooms, storing fresh.
Food Standards Agency (UK) and safefood (Ireland) — chilling, leftovers and food safety at home.
Stamets, P. and Chilton, J. S. (1983): The Mushroom Cultivator. Agarikon Press — moulds, bacteria, pests and mistakes in mushroom growing, with an identification key.
Stamets, P. (2000): Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms, 3rd edition. Ten Speed Press — hygiene, contamination and spore allergy.
Oei, P. (2003): Mushroom Cultivation, 3rd edition. Backhuys Publishers — diseases, pests and hygiene in small-scale growing.
Flammer, R. and Horak, E. (2003): Giftpilze – Pilzgifte. Schwabe — poisonous mushrooms, poisoning syndromes and time of symptom onset.

Chickens (31)

FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN — planning a small flock and choosing the type of poultry.
FAO (2010): Chicken genetic resources used in smallholder production systems and opportunities for their development. Rome: FAO — local breeds and hybrids in small-scale keeping.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — breeds, flock size, space.
Damerow, G. (2012): The Chicken Encyclopedia. Storey Publishing — terms and breeds.
Defra and APHA: guidance on registering poultry and keeping birds in Great Britain (gov.uk) — registration and bird flu rules.
The Livestock Conservancy and Rare Breeds Survival Trust: conservation priority lists of poultry breeds.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — hen-house sizes, perches, nest boxes, ventilation.
Damerow, G. (2002): Building Chicken Coops (Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin A-224). Storey Publishing — simple hen-house designs.
Salatin, J. (1993): Pastured Poultry Profit$. Polyface — mobile houses and poultry on pasture.
FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: FAO — housing and protection in small-scale keeping.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — feeders, drinkers, nest boxes, lighting.
FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: FAO — equipment for small-scale keeping.
University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension (J. Jacob, A. Pescatore): extension publications on small poultry flocks — lighting and laying.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — hatching, broody hens, brooding.
Damerow, G. (2013): Hatching & Brooding Your Own Chicks. Storey Publishing — incubation day by day, hatching problems.
FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: FAO — hatching under broody hens and rearing chicks in small flocks.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — hens' needs by stage.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — feeding, moult, the year's work.
FAO (2013): Poultry Development Review. Rome: FAO — feeding poultry on small farms.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on animal by-products — rules on catering waste in the EU (applies in Ireland and Northern Ireland; retained in GB law).
Defra / APHA guidance on what you can and cannot feed farmed animals (gov.uk).
Swayne, D. E. (editor) (2020): Diseases of Poultry, 14th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — poultry diseases, signs and prevention.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code and list of diseases — avian influenza and Newcastle disease.
Sparagano, O. A. E. et al. (2014): "Significance and control of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae". Annual Review of Entomology 59 — red mite.
Damerow, G. (2015): The Chicken Health Handbook, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — health of a small flock.
Defra and APHA: guidance on bird flu, notifiable diseases and biosecurity for backyard keepers (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: Defend the Flock biosecurity programme.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Shell Eggs from Farm to Table — storing eggs, salmonella, safe preparation.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2014): scientific opinion on the public health risks of salmonella in eggs and storage times.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203 — the 90- and 120-day gaps between applying raw manure and harvest.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — collecting and storing eggs, meat, manure.
Food Standards Agency and APHA Egg Marketing Inspectorate (gov.uk): guidance on selling eggs from small flocks.

Ducks and geese (30)

Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — duck breeds, flock size, space and water.
Holderread, D. (1981): The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock. Hen House Publications — goose breeds, grazing, the gander and the flock.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — geese in small-scale keeping, grazing, meat.
FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: FAO — planning a small flock.
British Waterfowl Association and The Livestock Conservancy — breed standards, heritage and rare breeds, breeder lists.
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — housing, water, fences, winter and summer.
Holderread, D. (1981): The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock. Hen House Publications — shelter for geese, nests, grazing.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — housing and grazing geese.
Council of Europe (1999): Recommendation concerning domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and Recommendation concerning domestic geese. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — access to bathing water and waterfowl welfare.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — requirements of ducks and geese, niacin.
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — feeding ducklings, layers and table ducks.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — geese on grass, grass and grain consumption.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products — the ban on feeding catering waste to farmed animals in the EU (retained in UK law).
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — incubating duck eggs, brooder, water.
Holderread, D. (1981): The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock. Hen House Publications — hatching and rearing goslings.
Damerow, G. (2013): Hatching & Brooding Your Own Chicks: Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Guinea Fowl. Storey Publishing — incubator, candling, hatching problems.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — natural and artificial incubation of goose eggs.
Swayne, D. E. (ed.) (2013): Diseases of Poultry, 13th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — diseases of ducks and geese.
Merck Veterinary Manual (MSD Animal Health, online edition) — waterfowl diseases, botulism, aspergillosis.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — avian influenza, Newcastle disease and the list of notifiable diseases.
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — duck health in a small flock.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Duck and Goose from Farm to Table — chilling, storage and cooking temperatures for duck and goose.
Food Standards Agency (UK): advice on eating duck eggs and cooking eggs safely.
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — eggs, slaughter, plucking and duck feathers.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — goose meat, fat, feathers and down.
Council of Europe (1999): Recommendation concerning domestic geese and Recommendation concerning domestic ducks. Strasbourg: Council of Europe — welfare, feather plucking.
Holderread, D. (2011): Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — the duck year, moult, flock renewal.
Holderread, D. (1981): The Book of Geese: A Complete Guide to Raising the Home Flock. Hen House Publications — the goose year, breeding, longevity.
Buckland, R. and Guy, G. (2002): Goose Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 154. Rome: FAO — seasonal laying and grazing of geese.
FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: FAO — planning work and the balance of a small flock.

Turkeys and guinea fowl (34)

FAO (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — planning small-scale poultry.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — poultry on a smallholding, space and range.
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — turkey types, growing on and breeding.
The Livestock Conservancy: descriptions of heritage turkey breeds — Bronze, Bourbon Red, Black, Slate, Narragansett.
McDougald, L. R. (2005): Blackhead disease (histomoniasis) in poultry: a critical review. Avian Diseases 49 (4) — histomonosis, chickens as carriers.
Defra and APHA: guidance on registering poultry and keeping birds in Great Britain (gov.uk) — registration and bird flu rules.
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — housing, perches, run and mobile pens for turkeys.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — ventilation, litter and protecting poultry from predators.
FAO (2004): Small-scale poultry production. FAO Animal Production and Health Manual 1. Rome — housing for small-scale poultry.
Salatin, J. (1993): Pastured Poultry Profits. Polyface — mobile pens on pasture.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — needs of turkeys and guinea fowl by age.
Leeson, S., Summers, J. D. (2005): Commercial Poultry Nutrition, 3rd edition. Nottingham University Press — feeding turkeys, rations and withdrawal periods.
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — feeding and grazing turkeys on a smallholding.
EFSA: opinions on coccidiostats (salinomycin, narasin) and target species — why they are not for turkeys.
Defra and APHA: guidance on what you can and cannot feed farmed animals, including the ban on catering waste (gov.uk).
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — hatching turkey eggs, the broody turkey, the brooder.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — incubation and rearing poultry.
Tullett, S. G. (1991): Avian Incubation. Butterworth-Heinemann — temperature, humidity and turning of eggs.
Swayne, D. E. (ed.) (2020): Diseases of Poultry, 14th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — histomonosis, diseases of turkeys and guinea fowl.
McDougald, L. R. (2005): Blackhead disease (histomoniasis) in poultry: a critical review. Avian Diseases 49 (4) — spread and prevention of histomonosis.
Merck Veterinary Manual (MSD Animal Health, online edition) — poultry diseases, zoonoses.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — notifiable poultry diseases.
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — turkey health on a smallholding.
Defra and APHA: bird flu guidance and reporting notifiable diseases (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: Defend the Flock.
Duffy, D. C., Downer, R., Brinkley, C. (1992): The effectiveness of Helmeted Guineafowl in the control of the deer tick, the vector of Lyme disease. The Wilson Bulletin 104 (2) — guinea fowl and tick numbers on lawns.
CDC (USA): Preventing tick bites and Tick removal — tick removal and making the yard less tick-friendly.
UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and NHS: tick awareness and Lyme disease guidance; Tick Surveillance Scheme.
WHO Regional Office for Europe: Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis — signs and prevention.
Public Health Agency of Canada: Lyme disease and tick-borne diseases.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Turkey from Farm to Table and Let's Talk Turkey: A Consumer Guide to Safely Roasting a Turkey — chilling, thawing, roasting to 74 °C (165 °F).
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization — hygiene, separating raw and cooked, the cold chain.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk): guidance on cooking and storing poultry safely and on small-scale poultry slaughter.
Mercia, L. (2000): Storey's Guide to Raising Turkeys. Storey Publishing — age and weight at slaughter, dressing turkeys.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — eggs, manure and composting poultry litter.

Quail (29)

Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — strains, space, feeding, incubation.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press — protein, calcium and energy needs of Japanese quail.
Woodard, A. E., Abplanalp, H., Wilson, W. O. and Vohra, P. (1973): Japanese Quail Husbandry in the Laboratory. University of California, Davis — lighting, breeding, space.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — general rules for small poultry and biosecurity.
Defra and APHA: guidance on registering poultry and keeping birds in Great Britain (gov.uk) — registration and bird flu rules.
Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — cages, space per bird, sloping floor.
Woodard, A. E., Abplanalp, H., Wilson, W. O. and Vohra, P. (1973): Japanese Quail Husbandry in the Laboratory. University of California, Davis — cage height, floor, egg collection.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — predators, mesh, litter and ventilation for small poultry.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press — needs of the Japanese quail (protein, calcium, amino acids).
Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — feed by age and lighting.
Woodard, A. E., Abplanalp, H., Wilson, W. O. and Vohra, P. (1973): Japanese Quail Husbandry in the Laboratory. University of California, Davis — lighting regime and laying.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products — ban on feeding catering waste to farmed animals in the EU (Ireland); the UK keeps equivalent rules after Brexit.
Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — incubation, brooding, sexing.
Woodard, A. E., Abplanalp, H., Wilson, W. O. and Vohra, P. (1973): Japanese Quail Husbandry in the Laboratory. University of California, Davis — conditions for incubation and rearing chicks.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — incubator, brooder, candling.
Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — hygiene and common quail diseases.
Swayne, D. E. (ed.) (2020): Diseases of Poultry, 14th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — ulcerative enteritis, coccidiosis, Newcastle disease and avian influenza in quail.
World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — Newcastle disease and avian influenza as notifiable diseases.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — biosecurity, parasites and cleaning for small poultry.
Defra and APHA: guidance on bird flu, notifiable poultry diseases and biosecurity (gov.uk).
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Shell Eggs from Farm to Table — storage, temperature and egg safety.
National Center for Home Food Preservation, University of Georgia: Pickled Eggs — pickled eggs only in the fridge, storage time, botulism risk.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): information on salmonella and eggs and on botulism from home-preserved food.
Food Standards Agency (UK): advice on eggs, the British Lion scheme and vulnerable groups.
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods — health claims in the EU and Ireland; the UK keeps an equivalent regime.
Randall, M. and Bolla, G. (2008): Raising Japanese quail. Primefact 602, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia — fattening, age and weight at slaughter.
American Veterinary Medical Association (2020): AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals — acceptable methods of killing small poultry.
Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing — principles of humane killing in the EU and Ireland; the UK keeps equivalent rules.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Poultry: Safe Minimum Internal Temperature and Freezing and Food Safety — 74 °C (165 °F) in the centre, freezer storage times.

Rabbits (31)

Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — breeds, reproduction, climate and planning small-scale production.
McNitt, J. I., Lukefahr, S. D., Cheeke, P. R., Patton, N. M. (2013): Rabbit Production, 9th edition. CABI — housing systems, breeds and production figures.
Bennett, B. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Rabbits, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — choosing breeds, buying, handling.
EFSA AHAW Panel (2020): "Health and welfare of rabbits farmed in different production systems". EFSA Journal 18(1):5944 — welfare in cages, runs and groups.
American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) and British Rabbit Council (BRC): breed standards.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — housing, climate, hutches and equipment in small-scale production.
EFSA AHAW Panel (2020): "Health and welfare of rabbits farmed in different production systems". EFSA Journal 18(1):5944 — cages, floors, group and park systems.
McNitt, J. I., Lukefahr, S. D., Cheeke, P. R., Patton, N. M. (2013): Rabbit Production, 9th edition. CABI — hutches, floors, heat stress.
Bennett, B. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Rabbits, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — building hutches, nest boxes, equipment.
de Blas, C., Wiseman, J. (editors) (2010): Nutrition of the Rabbit, 2nd edition. CABI — fibre, protein, caecotrophy, digestion.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — feeding in small-scale production, green feed and local feedstuffs.
Cheeke, P. R. (1987): Rabbit Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press — requirements by class, poisonous plants.
McNitt, J. I., Lukefahr, S. D., Cheeke, P. R., Patton, N. M. (2013): Rabbit Production, 9th edition. CABI — feeding on forage and pellets.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — reproduction, mating rhythms, kindling and weaning.
McNitt, J. I., Lukefahr, S. D., Cheeke, P. R., Patton, N. M. (2013): Rabbit Production, 9th edition. CABI — mating, palpation, fostering, selecting breeding stock.
Bennett, B. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Rabbits, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — nest box, kindling, litter care.
Varga, M. (2014): Textbook of Rabbit Medicine, 2nd edition. Butterworth-Heinemann — kindling problems, mastitis, false pregnancy.
Varga, M. (2014): Textbook of Rabbit Medicine, 2nd edition. Butterworth-Heinemann — rabbit diseases, gut, teeth, heatstroke, normal values.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, chapters on myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — coccidiosis, hygiene, prevention in small-scale production.
EFSA AHAW Panel (2020): "Health and welfare of rabbits farmed in different production systems". EFSA Journal 18(1):5944 — disease and welfare by housing system.
USDA APHIS: information on rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV2) in the United States.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — growing on, slaughter, carcass yield, fur.
FAO (2001): Guidelines for humane handling, transport and slaughter of livestock. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific — principles of humane stunning and slaughter.
McNitt, J. I., Lukefahr, S. D., Cheeke, P. R., Patton, N. M. (2013): Rabbit Production, 9th edition. CABI — slaughter, dressing, fur and wool.
Varga, M. (2014): Textbook of Rabbit Medicine, 2nd edition. Butterworth-Heinemann — liver findings (coccidiosis), tapeworm larvae, E. cuniculi.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: guidance on rabbit as food, safe cooking temperatures.
AHDB: Nutrient Management Guide (RB209), Section 2: Organic materials. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, UK — manure composition and nitrogen availability.
USDA National Organic Program, 7 CFR 205.203 — the 90- and 120-day intervals between raw manure and harvest.
Lebas, F., Coudert, P., de Rochambeau, H., Thébault, R. G. (1997): The Rabbit: Husbandry, Health and Production. FAO Animal Production and Health Series 21. Rome: FAO — yearly organisation, production indicators, manure.
Edwards, C. A., Arancon, N. Q., Sherman, R. (editors) (2011): Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Wastes, and Environmental Management. CRC Press — wormeries on manure.

Goats (31)

Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — choosing breeds, herd size, milking.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — herd health and diseases to watch for when buying.
FAO (2007): The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO — native breeds and their role.
British Goat Society and American Dairy Goat Association — breed standards, herd books and stud bucks.
GOV.UK: guidance on keeping sheep and goats (registration, identification, movements) — England, with equivalents for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — housing, hay racks, fencing.
Weaver, S. (2006): The Backyard Goat. Storey Publishing — a small shed and equipment.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 on organic production, Annex III (replaced by newer EU organic rules) — minimum indoor and outdoor areas for goats and kids; a useful benchmark in the UK and US too.
GOV.UK: Farming Rules for Water — where to store manure in England.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington: National Academies Press — goats' nutrient requirements.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — rations, hay, concentrates.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — nutritional disorders, plant poisoning, minerals.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products — ban on feeding catering waste to farmed animals (retained in UK law).
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — reproduction, kidding, kid diseases.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — mating, kidding, bottle rearing.
Noakes, D. E., Parkinson, T. J. and England, G. C. W. (2019): Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 10th edition. Elsevier — birth and assisted delivery in small ruminants.
WHO and ECDC, fact sheets on Q fever and brucellosis; UK Health Security Agency and CDC advice for pregnant women at lambing and kidding — risk to people at kidding and abortion.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — milking, equipment, hygiene.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — mastitis and the CMT in goats.
EFSA (2015): "Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk". EFSA Journal 13(1):3940 — raw milk risks.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products (CXC 57-2004) — milking and chilling hygiene.
Food Standards Agency (UK), FSAI (Ireland) and US FDA / CDC guidance on raw drinking milk.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — goat diseases, signs, prevention.
Matthews, J. (2016): Diseases of the Goat, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — practical diagnosis in a small herd.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code and list of diseases — brucellosis, foot-and-mouth, PPR, sheep and goat pox.
Van Wyk, J. A. and Bath, G. F. (2002): "The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment". Veterinary Research 33 — FAMACHA.
GOV.UK: notifiable diseases in animals (APHA); USDA APHIS National Scrapie Eradication Program.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — milk, cheese, meat, herd selection.
Carroll, R. (2018): Home Cheese Making, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — goat milk cheese, yields.
FAO (2013): Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: FAO — goat milk in the diet.
Food Standards Agency (UK): guidance on home slaughter of livestock and on registering a food business.

Sheep (32)

Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — flock health, ageing by teeth, diseases to watch for when buying.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — choosing breeds, flock size, the ram, buying.
FAO (2007): The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO — native breeds and their role.
FAO, DAD-IS database (Domestic Animal Diversity Information System) — descriptions of native sheep breeds.
Rare Breeds Survival Trust (UK) and The Livestock Conservancy (US): watchlists and descriptions of native and heritage sheep breeds.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — housing, fencing, equipment, electric fencing.
Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — housing, bedding and flock health.
Linnell, J. D. C. et al. (2012): Is it possible to prevent attacks by large carnivores on livestock? Report for the European Commission (Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe) — guardian dogs, electric fences and night folds.
Rigg, R. (2001): Livestock guarding dogs: their current use world wide. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group — livestock guardian dogs.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington, DC: National Academies Press — requirements by type of sheep.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — grazing, hay, condition.
Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — bloat, acidosis, copper poisoning, listeriosis, urinary stones in rams.
Russel, A. (1984): Body condition scoring of sheep. In Practice 6(3) — condition scoring by hand.
Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — reproduction, lambing, lamb diseases, pregnancy toxaemia.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — tupping, raddling, lambing, fostering, bottle lambs.
Noakes, D. E., Parkinson, T. J. and England, G. C. W. (2019): Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 10th edition. Elsevier — birth and assisted delivery in small ruminants.
Eales, A., Small, J. and Macaldowie, C. (2004): Practical Lambing and Lamb Care: A Veterinary Guide, 3rd edition. Blackwell — chilled lambs, colostrum, fostering.
WHO and ECDC information on Q fever and brucellosis; UK public-health guidance for pregnant women at lambing — risks to people at lambing and abortion.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — shearing, fleece, wool care.
British Wool: Wool Preparation Guide and shearing courses — preparing the flock, skirting and packing fleeces.
Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — fly strike, scab, external parasites, cuts.
Robson, D. and Ekarius, C. (2011): The Fleece and Fiber Sourcebook. Storey Publishing — wool characteristics by breed.
Pugh, D. G. and Baird, A. N. (2012): Sheep and Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — sheep diseases, worms, feet, vaccination.
Aitken, I. D., ed. (2007): Diseases of Sheep, 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing — infectious diseases, bluetongue, hydatid disease, lameness.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code and disease cards (brucellosis, bluetongue, peste des petits ruminants, sheep pox) — notifiable diseases.
Van Wyk, J. A. and Bath, G. F. (2002): The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats. Veterinary Research 33 — FAMACHA.
SCOPS (Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep, UK) and the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control: guidance on worm control and quarantine treatments.
WHO and ECDC information on brucellosis, Q fever and hydatid disease — risks to people.
Simmons, P. and Ekarius, C. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep, 4th edition. Storey Publishing — lambs for meat, milking ewes, culling.
Haenlein, G. F. W. and Wendorff, W. L. (2006): Sheep Milk. In: Park, Y. W. and Haenlein, G. F. W. (eds), Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals. Blackwell — composition of ewe's milk and cheese yield.
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — cheese yield, safety of raw-milk cheese.
WHO and EFSA information on brucellosis, listeriosis, toxoplasmosis and E. coli O157 from raw milk — risks to people.

Cows (32)

FAO (2007): The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO — native breeds and their role.
National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition. Washington: National Academy Press — feed and water needs of cows.
Grandin, T. (2014): Livestock Handling and Transport, 4th edition. CABI — cattle behaviour and safe handling.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases (Animal Health Law) — the framework for identifying, registering and controlling cattle diseases in the EU and Ireland; UK rules after Brexit are similar.
Rare Breeds Survival Trust (UK) and The Livestock Conservancy (US): watchlists and breed information for Dexter, Kerry and Dairy Shorthorn.
Midwest Plan Service (MWPS-7): Dairy Freestall Housing and Equipment. Iowa State University — sizes of standings, passages and water bowls.
Grandin, T. (2014): Livestock Handling and Transport, 4th edition. CABI — cattle behaviour, passages and safety.
Council Directive 2008/119/EC laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves — housing and tethering of calves in the EU (Ireland); similar UK rules after Brexit.
Council Directive 91/676/EEC on nitrates from agricultural sources — storing and spreading manure in the EU (Ireland); UK rules after Brexit are similar.
Defra: Code of practice for the welfare of cattle (gov.uk) — housing, tethering and calving pens in England.
National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition. Washington: National Academy Press — cows' needs for nutrients, water and minerals.
Edmonson, A. J. et al. (1989): A Body Condition Scoring Chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 68–78 — condition score 1–5.
Radostits, O. M. et al. (2007): Veterinary Medicine, 10th edition. Saunders Elsevier — bloat, acidosis, hardware disease, poisoning.
Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies — the ban on animal protein in ruminant feed in the EU (Ireland); the UK and US (FDA ruminant feed ban) have similar rules.
Radostits, O. M. et al. (2007): Veterinary Medicine, 10th edition. Saunders Elsevier — calving, calf problems, colostrum.
Noakes, D. E., Parkinson, T. J. and England, G. C. W. (2019): Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 10th edition. Elsevier — cycle, insemination, pregnancy, birth.
Godden, S. (2008): Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 24: 19–39 — amount and timing of colostrum.
Council Directive 2008/119/EC laying down minimum standards for the protection of calves — housing and feeding of calves in the EU (Ireland); similar UK rules after Brexit.
HSE: Handling and housing cattle (AIS35) — safety with bulls and cattle in Great Britain.
National Mastitis Council (2016): Current Concepts of Bovine Mastitis, 5th edition. NMC — mastitis, milking, prevention.
Blowey, R. and Edmondson, P. (2010): Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds, 2nd edition. CABI — CMT, prevention and drying off.
ISO 5707 (2007): Milking machine installations — Construction and performance — standard for milking machines.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin — milking hygiene and cooling milk in the EU (Ireland); retained in UK law with changes.
Radostits, O. M. et al. (2007): Veterinary Medicine, 10th edition. Saunders Elsevier — cattle diseases, metabolic disorders, bloat, hardware disease.
Divers, T. J. and Peek, S. F. (2018): Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle, 3rd edition. Elsevier — milk fever, ketosis, feet, mastitis.
World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — notifiable cattle diseases, TB and brucellosis.
Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products — prescribing, records and withdrawal periods in the EU (Ireland); the UK Veterinary Medicines Regulations set similar rules.
Defra and APHA: guidance on notifiable diseases, bovine TB and fallen stock (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: cattle disease programmes.
National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition. Washington: National Academy Press — needs of cows and young stock.
National Research Council (2016): Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 8th edition. Washington: National Academies Press — rearing steers, growth rates.
Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport — loading and transporting cattle in the EU (Ireland); retained in UK law.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin — slaughter in approved premises (EU, Ireland; similar UK rules); in the US the USDA FSIS rules on inspected and custom-exempt slaughter.

Pigs (33)

Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — small-scale fattening, choosing weaners, housing.
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — biosecurity and African swine fever.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): information on African swine fever and classical swine fever.
FAO (2007): The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO — native breeds and their role.
Defra and APHA: guidance for keepers of pigs, including small numbers and pet pigs (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: African swine fever information for producers.
Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — housing, fencing, handling pigs.
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — biosecurity, fencing, zones.
Council Directive 2008/120/EC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs — minimum space and conditions in the EU (and Ireland); in the UK carried over into the welfare of farmed animals regulations.
EFSA: scientific opinions on African swine fever and on-farm biosecurity.
Defra: Code of practice for the welfare of pigs (gov.uk).
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — biosecurity outdoors.
EFSA: scientific opinions on African swine fever, wild boar and outdoor pig keeping.
Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — grazing, runs, rotation.
Defra and APHA: guidance for keepers of pigs outdoors, and on wild boar and feral pigs (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: feral swine programme.
National Research Council (2012): Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — requirements by stage, amino acids.
McDonald, P. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — nutritional value of grain, legumes and roots.
Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — fattening on a small homestead, measuring with a tape.
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — ban on feeding waste.
Defra and APHA: rules on feeding pigs, catering waste and animal by-products (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: Swine Health Protection Act.
Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — service, farrowing, piglets on a small homestead.
Noakes, D. E., Parkinson, T. J. and England, G. C. W. (2019): Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 10th edition. Elsevier — reproduction and farrowing in pigs.
Council Directive 2008/120/EC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs — weaning, castration, teeth and tails in the EU (and Ireland); in the UK carried over into national welfare rules.
National Research Council (2012): Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th revised edition. National Academies Press — feeding pregnant and lactating sows.
Zimmerman, J. J. et al. (2019): Diseases of Swine, 11th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — pig diseases, signs, prevention.
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — biosecurity and ASF.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): information on African and classical swine fever.
EFSA: scientific opinions on African swine fever.
Defra and APHA: notifiable diseases in animals and how to report them (gov.uk); USDA APHIS: swine disease information and reporting.
Gajadhar, A. A. et al. (2009): "Trichinella diagnostics and control: mandatory and best practices for ensuring food safety". Veterinary Parasitology 159 — testing meat for Trichinella.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1375 laying down specific rules on official controls for Trichinella in meat — methods and sampling in the EU and Ireland; retained in UK law.
Klober, K. (2009): Storey's Guide to Raising Pigs, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — fattening and preparing for slaughter.
National Research Council (2012): Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th revised edition. National Academies Press — growth and feed conversion.
Food Standards Agency: guidance on Trichinella and home slaughter (food.gov.uk); USDA FSIS: safe cooking temperatures for pork.

Bees (33)

Winston, M. L. (1987): The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press — colony biology, development of queen, workers and drones.
Seeley, T. D. (2019): The Lives of Bees. Princeton University Press — bees in the wild, flight and forage.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — siting the apiary and equipment.
Ruttner, F. (1988): Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honeybees. Springer — the Carniolan, the dark bee and other races.
Muraro, A. et al. (2014): "Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology". Allergy 69 — anaphylaxis and adrenaline.
National Bee Unit (APHA): BeeBase and its beekeeping advisory leaflets (nationalbeeunit.com) — registration, inspections, notifiable diseases in the UK.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — hive types, bee space, frames.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — history of hives, traditional hives and skeps.
Winston, M. L. (1987): The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press — the nest and comb.
Seeley, T. D. (2019): The Lives of Bees. Princeton University Press — damp, ventilation and the natural nest.
Winston, M. L. (1987): The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press — colony development through the year, winter bees.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — inspections, seasonal work, moving bees.
Seeley, T. D. (2019): The Lives of Bees. Princeton University Press — the colony's annual cycle.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Honey (CXS 12-1981) and Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey — water content of honey.
National Bee Unit (APHA): advisory leaflets on colony management and seasonal work (nationalbeeunit.com).
Seeley, T. D. (2010): Honeybee Democracy. Princeton University Press — swarming, scouts and choosing a new home.
Winston, M. L. (1987): The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press — queen development, the swarming cycle.
Laidlaw, H. H. and Page, R. E. (1997): Queen Rearing and Bee Breeding. Wicwas Press — queens, queen cells and introducing queens.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — swarm prevention, uniting colonies.
Rosenkranz, P., Aumeier, P. and Ziegelmann, B. (2010): "Biology and control of Varroa destructor". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103 — varroa biology and control methods.
Dietemann, V. et al. (2013): "Standard methods for varroa research". Journal of Apicultural Research 52(1), COLOSS BEEBOOK — measuring infestation.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, chapters on American and European foulbrood, varroosis, small hive beetle and Tropilaelaps — signs and diagnosis.
National Bee Unit (APHA, UK): Managing Varroa and Foulbrood Disease of Honey Bees — integrated varroa control and recognising foulbrood.
Honey Bee Health Coalition (US): Tools for Varroa Management — monitoring methods, thresholds and treatment options for North America.
Winston, M. L. (1987): The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press — the winter cluster and winter bees.
Seeley, T. D. (2019): The Lives of Bees. Princeton University Press — thermoregulation, damp and wintering in the natural nest.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — feeding, syrup and winter preparation.
National Bee Unit (APHA, UK): advisory leaflets on feeding and overwintering bees.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Honey (CXS 12-1981) and Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey — water content and honey quality.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — hive products, honey, wax, propolis.
Bogdanov, S.: Bee Product Science (Bee Product Science, Switzerland, online edition) — wax, propolis and pollen.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — taking honey, clearer boards, storing frames.
World Health Organization (WHO): fact sheet on botulism — honey and infant botulism.

Fish (29)

Woynárovich, A., Moth-Poulsen, T. and Péteri, A. (2010): Carp polyculture in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia: a manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 554. Rome: FAO — pond yields, polyculture.
Woynárovich, A., Hoitsy, G. and Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011): Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 561. Rome: FAO — water and flow for trout.
Somerville, C., Cohen, M., Pantanella, E., Stankus, A. and Lovatelli, A. (2014): Small-scale aquaponic food production. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 589. Rome: FAO — aquaponics.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — carp ponds.
USDA NRCS: Ponds — Planning, Design, Construction, Agriculture Handbook 590 — siting and building farm ponds in the US.
Coche, A. G., Muir, J. F. and Laughlin, T. (1995): Pond construction for freshwater fish culture: Building earthen ponds. FAO Training Series 20/1. Rome: FAO — digging, banks, outlets and the monk.
USDA NRCS (1997): Ponds — Planning, Design, Construction. Agriculture Handbook 590 — banks, pipes through banks, spillways.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — profile of a carp pond, harvesting.
Woynárovich, A., Moth-Poulsen, T. and Péteri, A. (2010): Carp polyculture in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia: a manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 554. Rome: FAO.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — carp, tench, polyculture, sizes.
Woynárovich, A., Moth-Poulsen, T. and Péteri, A. (2010): Carp polyculture in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia: a manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 554. Rome: FAO — stocking and polyculture.
Woynárovich, A., Hoitsy, G. and Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011): Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 561. Rome: FAO — trout, raceways, density.
Council Regulation (EC) No 708/2007 concerning use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture — applies in Ireland; the principle for non-native species elsewhere.
Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) fact sheets and state Cooperative Extension publications on farm-pond stocking (bluegill, bass, channel catfish) — North American ponds.
Boyd, C. E. and Tucker, C. S. (1998): Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers — oxygen, pH, ammonia, lime.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — natural food, grain feeding, fertilising.
FAO (1996): Management for freshwater fish culture: ponds and water practices. FAO Training Series 21/1. Rome: FAO — lime, manure, transparency.
Woynárovich, A., Hoitsy, G. and Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011): Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 561. Rome: FAO — feeding trout.
Somerville, C., Cohen, M., Pantanella, E., Stankus, A. and Lovatelli, A. (2014): Small-scale aquaponic food production. Integrated fish and plant farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 589. Rome: FAO — feed-to-bed ratio, cycling, water quality, IBC systems.
Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P. and Losordo, T. M. (2006): Recirculating Aquaculture Tank Production Systems: Aquaponics — Integrating Fish and Plant Culture. SRAC Publication 454. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center — principles of aquaponics.
Boyd, C. E. and Tucker, C. S. (1998): Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management. Boston: Kluwer — ammonia, nitrite, pH.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — broodstock, carp and tench spawning, nursery ponds.
Woynárovich, A., Moth-Poulsen, T. and Péteri, A. (2010): Carp polyculture in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia: a manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 554. Rome: FAO — fry and nursery ponds.
Woynárovich, A., Hoitsy, G. and Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011): Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 561. Rome: FAO — stripping, incubation, degree-days.
Horváth, L., Tamás, G. and Seagrave, C. (2002): Carp and Pond Fish Culture, 2nd edition. Oxford: Fishing News Books / Blackwell — harvesting, overwintering, pond balance.
FAO (1998): Management for freshwater fish culture: farms and fish. FAO Training Series 21/2. Rome: FAO — harvesting, transporting and keeping live fish.
EFSA (2009): scientific opinions on welfare aspects of stunning and killing of farmed fish (carp, rainbow trout). EFSA Journal — principles of stunning.
Woynárovich, A., Hoitsy, G. and Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011): Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper 561. Rome: FAO — harvesting and processing trout.
US FDA: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance — parasite freezing and cooking temperatures.

Horses and donkeys (30)

FAO (2007): The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO — native breeds and their role.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — feed and water requirements of horses.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — keeping, feeding and health of donkeys.
Grandin, T. (2014): Livestock Handling and Transport, 4th edition. CABI — behaviour and safe handling.
Defra: Code of Practice for the Welfare of Horses, Ponies, Donkeys and their Hybrids — welfare standards in England.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases (Animal Health Law) — framework for equine registration and identification in the EU and Ireland.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — water and requirements of horses.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — shelter and keeping donkeys.
Defra: Code of Practice for the Welfare of Horses, Ponies, Donkeys and their Hybrids — shelter, company and fencing.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases — framework for registering premises (EU and Ireland).
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — requirements of horses for hay, energy, water and minerals.
Henneke, D. R., Potter, G. D., Kreider, J. L., Yeates, B. F. (1983): Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares. Equine Veterinary Journal 15(4) — condition score 1–9.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — feeding donkeys, straw, hyperlipaemia.
Frape, D. (2010): Equine Nutrition and Feeding, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — hard feed and work.
Stashak, T. S. (ed.) (2011): Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 6th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — hooves, lameness and laminitis.
Baker, G. J., Easley, J. (2005): Equine Dentistry, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders — horses' teeth.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — donkey feet and teeth.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition — feeding and laminitis.
Grandin, T. (2014): Livestock Handling and Transport, 4th edition. CABI — behaviour and safe handling of large animals.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — work and loads for donkeys.
Starkey, P. (1989): Harnessing and Implements for Animal Traction. GATE/GTZ, Vieweg — harness, collars and draught force.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition — energy for work.
Starkey, P. (1989): Harnessing and Implements for Animal Traction. GATE/GTZ, Vieweg — draught implements and pulling.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition — energy, water and salt for a working horse.
Grandin, T. (2014): Livestock Handling and Transport, 4th edition. CABI — behaviour and safety.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — donkey diseases, hyperlipaemia, normal values.
Reed, S. M., Bayly, W. M., Sellon, D. C. (eds.) (2018): Equine Internal Medicine, 4th edition. Elsevier — colic, respiratory disease, infectious diseases.
AAEP (American Association of Equine Practitioners): Internal Parasite Control Guidelines (Nielsen, M. K. et al., several editions) — faecal egg counts and targeted worming.
AAEP: Vaccination Guidelines — core and risk-based vaccines for horses in North America.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases — disease reporting and equine identification (EU and Ireland).

Dogs and cats on the homestead (38)

Coppinger, R. and Coppinger, L. (2001): Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior, and Evolution. Scribner — types of working dog, guardians and herding dogs.
Dawydiak, O. and Sims, D. E. (2004): Livestock Protection Dogs: Selection, Care and Training, 2nd edition. Alpine Publications — choosing guardian dogs and how many.
Rigg, R. (2001): Livestock guarding dogs: their current use world wide. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Occasional Paper No. 1 — guardian breeds and their role.
FCI breed standards: Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Maremma and Abruzzes Sheepdog, Border Collie, Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog Šarplaninac and Tornjak.
WSAVA (2016): Guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats (Day, Horzinek, Schultz and Squires), Journal of Small Animal Practice — core vaccines.
Dawydiak, O. and Sims, D. E. (2004): Livestock Protection Dogs: Selection, Care and Training, 2nd edition. Alpine Publications — choosing, number and rearing of guardians.
Coppinger, R. and Coppinger, L. (2001): Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior, and Evolution. Scribner — attentiveness, trustworthiness and protective instinct.
Rigg, R. (2001): Livestock guarding dogs: their current use world wide. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, Occasional Paper No. 1 — guardians worldwide and number of dogs.
LCIE (Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe): materials on protecting livestock from large carnivores.
ESCCAP: guidelines on worm and tapeworm control in dogs and cats — hydatid disease and dogs near livestock.
FCI breed standards: Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Maremma and Abruzzes Sheepdog, Kangal Shepherd Dog.
Dawydiak, O. and Sims, D. E. (2004): Livestock Protection Dogs: Selection, Care and Training, 2nd edition. Alpine Publications — rearing pups with stock, adolescence.
Coppinger, R. and Coppinger, L. (2001): Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior, and Evolution. Scribner — behavioural development and critical periods.
Pryor, K. (1999): Don't Shoot the Dog! The New Art of Teaching and Training, revised edition. Bantam — reward and timing.
Landsberg, G., Hunthausen, W. and Ackerman, L. (2013): Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat, 3rd edition. Saunders Elsevier — socialisation and behaviour problems.
WSAVA (2016): Guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats — vaccinations and puppy socialisation.
Little, S. E. (2012): The Cat: Clinical Medicine and Management. Elsevier Saunders — reproduction, neutering, cat health.
International Cat Care (iCatCare): guidance on outdoor cats and neutering schemes.
WSAVA (2016): Guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats — core cat vaccines and the kitten schedule.
ESCCAP: guidelines on worm and tapeworm control in dogs and cats.
Dubey, J. P. (2010): Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, 2nd edition. CRC Press — toxoplasmosis in sheep, goats and people.
National Research Council (2006): Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. National Academies Press — energy and nutrient needs.
WSAVA (2011): Global Nutrition Guidelines and body condition scoring tools for dogs and cats.
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G. and Raasch, M. F. (2011): Canine and Feline Nutrition, 3rd edition. Mosby Elsevier — large-breed puppy feeding, cats and taurine.
ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: list of foods and plants poisonous to dogs and cats.
Dawydiak, O. and Sims, D. E. (2004): Livestock Protection Dogs: Selection, Care and Training, 2nd edition. Alpine Publications — food and housing of working dogs.
ESCCAP (European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites): Worm Control in Dogs and Cats and guidelines on vector-borne diseases — roundworms, tapeworms, hydatid disease, babesiosis, heartworm, lungworm.
WSAVA (2016): Guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats (Day, Horzinek, Schultz and Squires), Journal of Small Animal Practice — core and non-core vaccines, schedule.
WHO (2018): WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies, Third report, Technical Report Series 1012 — rabies and what to do after a bite.
Eckert, J., Gemmell, M. A., Meslin, F.-X. and Pawłowski, Z. S., eds. (2001): WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals. OIE, Paris — the hydatid cycle and control measures.
Ettinger, S. J., Feldman, E. C. and Côté, E. (2017): Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 8th edition. Elsevier — emergencies (GDV, urethral obstruction).
Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC): parasite guidelines and prevalence maps for the US and Canada.
Regulation (EU) No 576/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the non-commercial movement of pet animals, and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 577/2013 — chip, vaccine, passport, antibody test.
GOV.UK: microchipping your dog or cat; taking your pet abroad; bringing your pet dog, cat or ferret to Great Britain.
WHO (2018): WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies, Third report, Technical Report Series 1012 — what to do after a bite and observation of the animal.
National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians: Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control — rabies vaccination and 10-day observation in the US.
ISO 11784 and ISO 11785: standards for radio-frequency identification of animals (microchip).
European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals (Council of Europe, 1987) — ban on cropping and other non-curative procedures.

Animal feed (28)

National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — poultry requirements.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington: National Academies Press — goats and sheep.
National Research Council (2012): Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — pigs.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — nutrition basics and feedstuffs.
National Research Council (2012): Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — pig requirements.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press — goats and sheep.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — feedstuffs and the Pearson square.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press — dry matter requirements.
National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — cows.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 6th revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — horses.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — hay, silage, dry matter.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on animal by-products and Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 implementing it — ban on catering waste in farmed animal feed (retained in UK law).
Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies — ban on animal protein for ruminants.
Swine Health Protection Act (US, 7 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.) and USDA APHIS — rules on feeding food waste to swine.
FAO and WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): information on African swine fever and recommendations against feeding pigs kitchen waste.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — plant and food poisoning.
National Research Council (2005): Mineral Tolerance of Animals, 2nd revised edition. Washington: National Academies Press — toxic limits, copper in sheep.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press — minerals for goats and sheep.
Suttle, N. F. (2010): Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 4th edition. CABI — minerals, deficiencies and poisoning.
Smith, M. C. and Sherman, D. M. (2009): Goat Medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — copper, selenium, urinary stones.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and Directive 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances in animal feed — aflatoxin limits (comparable limits apply in UK law).
US FDA: action levels for aflatoxins in animal feed — US limits.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — mycotoxins, forage conservation.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority): scientific opinions on mycotoxins in animal feed — species sensitivity and transfer into milk.
University extension publications on spontaneous combustion of hay (e.g. Penn State Extension) — temperature thresholds.
National Research Council (2007): Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Washington: National Academies Press — goat and sheep requirements.
National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edition. Washington: National Academy Press — poultry.
FAO (2012): Balanced feeding for improving livestock productivity. Rome: FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 173 — feed planning and feed budgets.

Natural animal health (39)

Merck Veterinary Manual (MSD Animal Health, online edition) — normal temperature, pulse and breathing by species, first aid.
Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products — prescriptions, withdrawal periods, treatment records and off-label use; in the UK the Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013 (VMD guidance on gov.uk).
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production — preference for phytotherapy, double withdrawal period.
Svendsen, E. D., Duncan, J., Hadrill, D. (eds.) (2008): The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition. Whittet Books — normal values for donkeys.
WHO, FAO and WOAH: joint materials on antimicrobial resistance ("One Health") — prudent use of antibiotics in animals.
US FDA: Veterinary Feed Directive and Guidance for Industry #263 — vet prescription for medically important antibiotics in livestock.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — biosecurity, quarantine and the list of diseases.
FAO (2010): Good practices for biosecurity in the pig sector. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 169 — biosecurity and African swine fever.
Regulation (EU) 1069/2009 on animal by-products — ban on feeding catering waste to animals, disposal of dead animals; in the UK the Animal By-Products (Enforcement) Regulations and Defra guidance on gov.uk.
WHO: fact sheets on zoonoses (brucellosis, Q fever, rabies, salmonellosis, echinococcosis).
ESCCAP (European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites) and ESCCAP UK & Ireland: worming guidelines for dogs, including dogs around livestock.
USDA APHIS: biosecurity guidance for small and backyard herds and flocks ("Defend the Flock", "Protect Your Pigs").
Mayer, M., Vogl, C. R., Amorena, M., Hamburger, M. and Walkenhorst, M. (2014): "Treatment of organic livestock with medicinal plants: a systematic review of European ethnoveterinary research". Forschende Komplementärmedizin 21 — review of European ethnoveterinary use of plants.
Hoste, H. et al. (2006): "The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants". Trends in Parasitology 22 — tannins and parasites.
Burrows, G. E. and Tyrl, R. J. (2013): Toxic Plants of North America, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — poisonous plants for domestic animals.
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production — preference for herbal remedies and withdrawal period rules.
Defra: Code of Practice on How to Prevent the Spread of Ragwort (gov.uk).
Van Wyk, J. A. and Bath, G. F. (2002): "The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment". Veterinary Research 33 — FAMACHA.
Bath, G. F. and Van Wyk, J. A. (2009): "The Five Point Check© for targeted selective treatment of internal parasites in small ruminants". Small Ruminant Research 86 — the five-point check.
Taylor, M. A., Coop, R. L. and Wall, R. L. (2016): Veterinary Parasitology, 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell — parasite life cycles by species.
Hoste, H. et al. (2006): "The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants". Trends in Parasitology 22 — tannins.
SCOPS (Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep, UK) and COWS (Control of Worms Sustainably, UK): guidance on sustainable parasite control in sheep and cattle.
American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (wormx.info): FAMACHA training and parasite control in sheep and goats in the US.
Merck Veterinary Manual (MSD Animal Health, online edition) — first aid, bloat, colic, birth and normal values by species.
Jackson, P. G. G. (2004): Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics, 2nd edition. Saunders — the course of birth and when to intervene.
Noakes, D. E., Parkinson, T. J. and England, G. C. W. (2019): Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 10th edition. Elsevier — birth by species, afterbirth, post-birth problems.
Godden, S. (2008): "Colostrum management for dairy calves". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 24 — colostrum for calves.
Merck Veterinary Manual (MSD Animal Health, online edition) — signs of emergencies and normal values by species.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the list of notifiable diseases.
WHO: fact sheets on brucellosis, Q fever, rabies and salmonellosis — signs in people and protection.
AVMA (2020): Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. American Veterinary Medical Association — humane euthanasia and the risk of drug residues in the carcass.
Regulation (EU) 1069/2009 on animal by-products — disposal of dead animals; in the UK Defra and APHA guidance on fallen stock (gov.uk).
GOV.UK: notifiable diseases in animals (APHA); USDA APHIS and state veterinarians: reportable animal diseases.
Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases ("Animal Health Law") — disease reporting, registration, identification and movements (Ireland, Northern Ireland).
Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products — prescriptions, medicine records and withdrawal periods; in Great Britain the Veterinary Medicines Regulations 2013.
Regulation (EU) 1069/2009 on animal by-products — disposal of dead animals, ban on catering waste in feed.
Farm Animal Welfare Council (1979): the five freedoms of animal welfare; Council Regulation (EC) 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport; Animal Welfare Act 2006 (England and Wales); Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013 (Ireland).
GOV.UK and APHA: guidance on registering land and livestock (CPH), identification and movement of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, poultry registration; USDA APHIS: Animal Disease Traceability and the National Scrapie Eradication Program; CFIA: livestock identification and traceability.
WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health): Terrestrial Animal Health Code — list of diseases and welfare standards.

Milk (32)

WHO and FAO (2004): Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series 4 — listeria and at-risk groups.
WHO: Brucellosis, World Health Organization fact sheet — transmission through raw milk and dairy products.
U.S. FDA: Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance — pasteurising regimes of 63 °C for 30 min and 72 °C for 15 s.
CDC: Raw Milk Questions and Answers — diseases linked to raw milk, at-risk groups.
D'Amico, D. J., Druart, M. J. and Donnelly, C. W. (2008): 60-day aging requirement does not ensure safety of surface-mold-ripened soft cheeses manufactured from raw or pasteurized milk when Listeria monocytogenes is introduced as a postpasteurization contaminant. Journal of Food Protection 71(8).
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — home pasteurising, equipment, washing.
Food Standards Agency (UK) and FSAI (Ireland): guidance on raw drinking milk.
Tamime, A. Y. and Robinson, R. K. (2007): Tamime and Robinson's Yoghurt: Science and Technology, 3rd edition. Woodhead Publishing — cultures, temperatures, heating milk and thickness.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — home yoghurt, safety.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Making Yogurt at Home — incubation, storage.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — yoghurt and strained yoghurt.
Walstra, P., Wouters, J. T. M. and Geurts, T. J. (2006): Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd edition. CRC Press — milk fat, separation, butter making.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — cream, butter and buttermilk at home.
FAO (1990): The technology of traditional milk products in developing countries. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 85 — traditional butter and clarified butter.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Butter (CXS 279-1971) — at least 80 % milk fat in butter.
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — rennet, coagulation, cultures, calcium.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — home recipes, clean-break test, calcium chloride.
Caldwell, G. (2012): Mastering Artisan Cheesemaking. Chelsea Green — flocculation method, cutting the curd.
WHO and FAO (2004): Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods — soft cheese and at-risk groups.
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — scalding, brining, ripening, late blowing.
Caldwell, G. (2012): Mastering Artisan Cheesemaking. Chelsea Green — press, cheese cave, rind care, wax.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — home recipes for semi-hard and hard cheeses.
U.S. FDA: 21 CFR 133 — raw-milk cheeses and ripening for at least 60 days at no less than 1.7 °C (35 °F).
USDA FSIS: Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous? — cutting mould off hard cheese (2.5 cm / 1 in).
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — composition of whey, whey cheeses.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — whey ricotta.
FAO (1990): The technology of traditional milk products in developing countries. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 85 — using whey and buttermilk.
Prazeres, A. R., Carvalho, F. and Rivas, J. (2012): Cheese whey management: A review. Journal of Environmental Management 110 — water pollution by whey and ways of disposal.
FAO (2013): Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations — milk in the family diet.
Walstra, P., Wouters, J. T. M. and Geurts, T. J. (2006): Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd edition. CRC Press — milk composition and product yields.
Belanger, J. and Thomson Bredesen, S. (2018): Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats, 5th edition. Storey Publishing — lactation, extended lactation, herd size.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — cheese yields and processing plans.

Meat (34)

Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing — stunning, home slaughter, competence; applies in Ireland and was retained in UK law.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products not intended for human consumption — disposal of remains.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1375 laying down specific rules on official controls for Trichinella in meat — sampling and methods.
Humane Slaughter Association (HSA): Captive-Bolt Stunning of Livestock and Humane Killing of Livestock Using Firearms — positions and direction of the captive bolt, signs of stunning.
Gregory, N. G. (2007): Animal Welfare and Meat Production, 2nd edition. CABI — stress before slaughter and meat quality.
USDA FSIS: guidance on custom exempt slaughter and processing; Humane Methods of Slaughter Act.
USDA FSIS: Freezing and Food Safety and The Big Thaw — Safe Defrosting Methods — freezing, storage times and thawing.
Aberle, E. D., Forrest, J. C., Gerrard, D. E. and Mills, E. W. (2012): Principles of Meat Science, 5th edition. Kendall Hunt — ageing, rigor mortis, meat quality.
Danforth, A. (2014): Butchering Beef and Butchering Poultry, Rabbit, Lamb, Goat and Pork. Storey Publishing — cutting on a small farm.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin — temperatures for meat and offal; applies in Ireland and was retained in UK law.
Food Standards Agency: guidance on chilling, freezing and defrosting (food.gov.uk).
Toldrá, F. (ed.) (2007): Handbook of Fermented Meat and Poultry. Blackwell — fermentation, nitrite, drying, weight loss.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2012): The Art of Making Fermented Sausages. Bookmagic — home production, cultures, curing salts, humidity.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 as regards nitrites and nitrates — new maximum amounts.
USDA FSIS: Sausages and Food Safety — fresh and cooked sausages, 160 °F (72 °C).
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives — E250 and E252; retained in UK law.
Toldrá, F. (2002): Dry-Cured Meat Products. Food & Nutrition Press — salting, maturing, weight loss, safety of dry-cured ham.
Product specifications for the protected designations Dalmatinski pršut, Drniški pršut, Krčki pršut and Istarski pršut — Croatian Ministry of Agriculture and the EU eAmbrosia register.
USDA FSIS: Ham and Food Safety — types of ham, curing, storage.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — equilibrium curing, curing salts.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 as regards nitrites and nitrates.
USDA FSIS: Shelf-Stable Food Safety — keeping food outside the fridge.
Shahidi, F. (ed.) (2005): Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 6th edition. Wiley — rendering, oxidation and rancidity of fats.
NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers — Class K extinguishers for cooking oils and fats (Class F in the UK and Europe).
World Health Organization (WHO): Burns — first aid for burns (cooling with water); NHS: burns and scalds.
WHO (2011): Report of the WHO Informal Working Group on Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis Surveillance, Prevention and Control — hydatid disease, the role of dogs and organs.
EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (2017): Public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food-borne pathogen. EFSA Journal 15(7) — pig liver and cooking.
Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies — specified risk material; applies in Ireland and was retained in UK law.
FAO (1994): Manual on Meat Inspection for Developing Countries (Herenda, D. et al.) — inspecting organs after slaughter.
USDA National Center for Home Food Preservation: guidance on pressure canning meat and stock.
FAO (2010): Meat Processing Technology for Small to Medium Scale Producers (Heinz, G. and Hautzinger, P.) — yields, processing and keeping meat.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539 — meat only by pressure canning.
USDA FSIS: Freezing and Food Safety — freezing and storage times.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): Canning Meats — times and pressures for meat in jars.

Poultry and eggs in the kitchen (32)

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Chicken from Farm to Table — chilling, storage, thawing and safe cooking temperature for poultry.
Fanatico, A. (2003): Small-Scale Poultry Processing. ATTRA – National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (NCAT) — equipment, scalding, evisceration and chilling on a small farm.
Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009 on the protection of animals at the time of killing — principles of humane stunning and killing, including killing for private consumption (applies in Ireland; UK rules after Brexit are similar).
Mettler, J. J. (1986): Basic Butchering of Livestock & Game. Storey Publishing — home killing and processing of poultry.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — choosing birds for meat and processing.
Humane Slaughter Association (UK) — guidance on killing poultry humanely on farm and at home.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Leftovers and Food Safety and Chicken from Farm to Table — fridge and freezer times, reheating.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022): Food Code — two-stage cooling of cooked food (57 → 21 °C within 2 h, 21 → 5 °C within 4 h).
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 5: Preparing and Canning Poultry, Red Meats, and Seafoods — chicken and turkey stock in a pressure canner.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): instructions for canning stock and soups.
McGee, H. (2004): On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner — gelatine, stock clarity, thickening with egg yolk.
Food Standards Agency (UK) and safefood (Ireland): guidance on cooling, storing and reheating leftovers.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Chicken from Farm to Table, Duck and Goose from Farm to Table and Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart — 74 °C (165 °F) for poultry, thawing and leftovers.
Food Standards Agency (UK): advice on campylobacter, not washing raw chicken, and cooking chicken livers thoroughly for pâté.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Campylobacter (Campylobacteriosis) — sources of infection and prevention in the kitchen.
McGee, H. (2004): On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner — connective tissue, age of the animal and cooking method.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Shell Eggs from Farm to Table and Egg Products and Food Safety — cooking eggs, 71 °C (160 °F) for egg dishes, storage times.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): Pickled Eggs — pickled eggs only in the fridge, 3–4 months; botulism case.
Food Standards Agency (UK): advice on eggs for pregnant women and children (British Lion eggs), duck eggs only well cooked.
McGee, H. (2004): On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner — white, yolk, foams, thickening, cooking the egg.
Hazan, M. (1992): Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking. Knopf — flour-to-egg ratio, kneading, rolling and cutting pasta.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Shell Eggs from Farm to Table — safety of raw eggs and raw dough.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Handling Flour Safely — raw flour and raw dough are not to be tasted.
McGee, H. (2004): On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner — gluten, resting dough and drying pasta.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Shell Eggs from Farm to Table — loss of egg quality, temperature, freezing, washed eggs in the US.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): instructions for freezing eggs (salt or sugar in yolks, measures after thawing).
Hertzberg, R., Vaughan, B. and Greene, J. (1973 and later editions): Putting Food By. Stephen Greene Press — traditional keeping of eggs in water glass and lime.
McGee, H. (2004): On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner — structure of the shell, pores, cuticle, ageing of the egg.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Freezing and Food Safety and Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency — freezers, power cuts, refreezing.
Damerow, G. (2010): Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — number of hens, flock renewal, table birds.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2014): Decision tools for family poultry development. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 16 — poultry in household nutrition.
Food Standards Agency (UK): guidance on freezing, thawing and refreezing food.

Vegetables (31)

USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — processing methods, headspace, altitude, seal checks.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — hygiene, equipment, signs of spoilage.
WHO: Botulism, World Health Organization fact sheet — cause, symptoms, treatment.
CDC: Home-Canned Foods and Botulism — safe disposal and cleaning of contaminated surfaces.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — approximate pH values of vegetables.
Corbin, P. (2008): Preserves (River Cottage Handbook No. 2). Bloomsbury — British preserving practice, jars and covers.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — acidifying, water bath, altitude.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — roasting and peeling peppers, freezing.
U.S. FDA: 21 CFR Part 114, Acidified Foods — equilibrium pH limit of 4.6 for acidified foods.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — pH of peppers, aubergines and tomatoes.
WHO: Botulism, fact sheet — the risk of low-acid food in sealed containers.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented and Pickled Foods. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — brine, water bath, low-temperature pasteurisation of cucumbers at 80–85 °C, pickled peppers and beetroot.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — crispness, problems with pickles.
U.S. FDA: 21 CFR Part 114, Acidified Foods — pH limit of 4.6.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green — the difference between fermented and acidified vegetables.
Corbin, P. (2008): Preserves (River Cottage Handbook No. 2). Bloomsbury — British pickling vinegars and practice.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 3: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Tomatoes and Tomato Products. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — acidifying, bath times, ketchup, vegetable sauce under pressure.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — hot break, freezing tomatoes.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — pH of tomatoes.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying vegetables, blanching, conditioning.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Vegetables — temperatures, dryness tests, storage.
FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxin Contamination in Spices (CXC 78-2017) — mould and mycotoxins in paprika.
EFSA: scientific opinions on ochratoxin A and aflatoxins in food — mycotoxins in spices.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 4: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Vegetables and Vegetable Products and Guide 6 (Marinated Peppers, Pickled Dilly Beans). National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — pressure times, marinated peppers, pickled beans.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — pressure canner, freezing vegetables.
University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources: Garlic: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy — garlic in oil and acidifying.
WHO: Botulism, fact sheet — vegetables in oil as a source of botulism.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — vegetable yields per jar, storage times.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — planning quantities for a family.
Jeavons, J. (2017): How to Grow More Vegetables, 9th edition. Ten Speed Press — yields per plant and per m² for garden planning.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — what to keep in a cellar instead of jars.

Fruit (30)

USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539, Guide 2: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Fruit and Fruit Products (Apple Butter). National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — fruit butters, reduced sugar, pantry storage.
National Center for Home Food Preservation: Why can't I can pumpkin butter? — why pumpkin purées are not for jars.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — approximate pH of fruit.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Jams, Jellies and Marmalades (CXS 296-2009) — product names.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539, Guide 7: Preparing and Canning Jams and Jellies. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — pectin, setting point, water bath, re-cooking runny jam.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — reduced-sugar jam, alcohol test for pectin, paraffin.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Jams, Jellies and Marmalades (CXS 296-2009) — names and composition.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — pH of figs and pears.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539, Guide 2: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Fruit and Fruit Products. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — syrups, hot and raw pack, water-bath times and altitude steps, figs.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — preventing browning, spoilage of canned fruit.
U.S. FDA: Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products — pH of fruit and figs.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives (retained in UK law) — list of permitted preservatives.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539, Guide 2: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Fruit and Fruit Products (Apple Juice, Grape Juice, Berry Syrup). National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — juices, syrups, steam juicers.
U.S. FDA: Talking About Juice Safety: What You Need to Know — unpasteurised juice and at-risk groups.
EFSA and Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Patulin Contamination in Apple Juice (CXC 50-2003) — sorting and patulin.
U.S. FDA: Data on Benzene in Soft Drinks and Other Beverages — benzoate and vitamin C.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Fruits and Making Fruit Leathers — preparation, preventing browning, temperatures, conditioning, freezer and oven pasteurisation.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying fruit, fruit leather, storage.
Harrison, J. A. and Andress, E. L. (2000): Preserving Food: Drying Fruits and Vegetables, FDNS-E-43-10. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dried Figs (CXC 65-2008).
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — vinegar in preserving and why home-made vinegar is not used for pickling.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: General Information on Pickling — vinegar strength for preserving.
Bamforth, C. W. (2005): Food, Fermentation and Micro-organisms. Blackwell Publishing — alcoholic and acetic fermentation.
Codex Alimentarius: Regional Standard for Vinegar (CXS 162R-1987) — definition of vinegar.
U.S. FDA: Questions and Answers on Lead-Glazed Traditional Pottery — lead in glazed ceramics.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — fruit yield per jar, keeping times.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — planning quantities and shelf life.
FAO: Fruit and vegetables for health (FAO/WHO, 2004) — recommendations on fruit and vegetable intake.

Grain, flour and bread (31)

FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — grain moisture and storage.
Hoseney, R. C. (1994): Principles of Cereal Science and Technology, 2nd edition. AACC, St. Paul — grain structure, milling, extraction, flour maturing.
Kent, N. L. and Evers, A. D. (1994): Kent's Technology of Cereals, 4th edition. Woodhead — flour types, conditioning, milling.
U.S. FDA: Handling Flour Safely: What You Need to Know — raw flour and raw dough.
EFSA (2012): Scientific Opinion on Ergot alkaloids in food and feed. EFSA Journal 10(7):2798 — ergot.
Hamelman, J. (2013): Bread: A Baker's Book of Techniques and Recipes, 2nd edition. Wiley — sourdough, levain, rye bread, dough temperature.
Gänzle, M. G. (2014): Enzymatic and bacterial conversions during sourdough fermentation. Food Microbiology 37: 2–10 — lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in a starter.
De Vuyst, L. and Neysens, P. (2005): The sourdough microflora: biodiversity and metabolic interactions. Trends in Food Science & Technology 16: 43–56.
Suas, M. (2009): Advanced Bread and Pastry. Delmar Cengage Learning — feeding ratios, stiff and liquid starters.
U.S. FDA: Handling Flour Safely: What You Need to Know — raw flour and dough.
Hamelman, J. (2013): Bread: A Baker's Book of Techniques and Recipes, 2nd edition. Wiley — baker's percentages, dough temperature, rye bread, baking.
Reinhart, P. (2001): The Bread Baker's Apprentice. Ten Speed Press — stages of breadmaking, cold rise.
Cauvain, S. P. (2015): Technology of Breadmaking, 3rd edition. Springer — water absorption, staling, bread spoilage.
USDA FSIS: Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous? — mould on bread and baked goods.
U.S. FDA: Handling Flour Safely: What You Need to Know — raw dough.
Denzer, K. (2007): Build Your Own Earth Oven, 3rd edition. Hand Print Press — clay ovens, opening-to-dome ratio, firing.
Wing, D. and Scott, A. (1999): The Bread Builders: Hearth Loaves and Masonry Ovens. Chelsea Green — masonry ovens, heat storage, baking bread.
USDA FSIS: Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart — core temperatures for meat.
U.S. CDC: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning — Frequently Asked Questions — CO, symptoms, alarms.
FAO (1992): Maize in human nutrition. FAO Food and Nutrition Series No. 25 — pellagra, niacin, maize processing.
EFSA: scientific opinions on aflatoxins and fumonisins in food — risk to human health.
Hoseney, R. C. (1994): Principles of Cereal Science and Technology, 2nd edition. AACC — maize, milling, rancidity of the germ.
WHO: Mycotoxins, fact sheet — aflatoxins and fumonisins.
USDA FSIS: Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart — meat temperature in the filling.
USDA FSIS: Leftovers and Food Safety — the two-hour rule, storing and reheating.
Cauvain, S. P. (2015): Technology of Breadmaking, 3rd edition. Springer — gluten, water absorption and dough extensibility.
EFSA and ECDC: annual EU One Health zoonoses reports (listeria, salmonella) — risk from raw milk and eggs.
FAO (2011): Global food losses and food waste. FAO, Rome — grain losses in storage and processing.
FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — moisture, containers, bulk density of grain.
Kent, N. L. and Evers, A. D. (1994): Kent's Technology of Cereals, 4th edition. Woodhead — extraction, milling losses.
U.S. OSHA: Grain Handling — engulfment hazards in silos and bins.

Honey and bee products (31)

Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Honey (CXS 12-1981) and Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey — water content, ban on adding or removing ingredients, pollen in honey.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — extracting, uncapping and equipment.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — draining comb and traditional honey production.
Bogdanov, S.: Honey Technology (Bee Product Science, Switzerland, online edition) — hygroscopicity, warming and settling honey.
Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey, as amended, and the Honey Regulations of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland based on it — definition of honey and limits for water, HMF, diastase and insoluble solids.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Honey (CXS 12-1981).
White, J. W., Kushnir, I. and Subers, M. H. (1964): Effect of storage and processing temperatures on honey quality. Food Technology 18 — loss of diastase and invertase with temperature.
Bogdanov, S. et al. (1999): Honey quality and international regulatory standards. Bee World 80 — honey quality indicators.
Dyce, E. J. (1931): Fermentation and crystallization of honey. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 528 — soft-set honey and fermentation.
Schramm, K. (2003): The Compleat Meadmaker. Brewers Publications — recipes, nutrient, fermentation and ageing of mead.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — mead in history and tradition.
Jackson, R. S. (2020): Wine Science: Principles and Applications, 5th edition. Academic Press — fermentation, sulphites, racking and stabilising.
Bogdanov, S.: Honey as Nutrient and Functional Food (Bee Product Science, online edition) — composition of honey (sugars, little nitrogen).
Bankova, V., Popova, M. and Trusheva, B. (2014): Propolis volatile compounds: chemical diversity and biological activity. Chemistry Central Journal 8 — composition of propolis.
Bogdanov, S.: Propolis: Composition, Health, Medicine: A Review (Bee Product Science, online edition) — alcohol extraction, use, allergy.
de Groot, A. C. (2013): Propolis: a review of properties, applications, chemical composition, contact allergy, and other adverse effects. Dermatitis 24 — propolis allergy.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — propolis in tradition.
Crane, E. (1990): Bees and Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Resources. Heinemann — producing and rendering wax.
Bogdanov, S.: Beeswax: Production, Properties, Composition, Control (Bee Product Science, online edition) — melting point, density, adulteration, acaricide residues.
Graham, J. M. (ed.) (2015): The Hive and the Honey Bee, revised edition. Dadant & Sons — solar and steam wax extractors.
Coggshall, W. L. and Morse, R. A. (1984): Beeswax: Production, Harvesting, Processing and Products. Wicwas Press — wax yields from different comb, cleaning and uses.
Paul, I. M. et al. (2007): Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 161 — honey doses for coughs by age.
Abuelgasim, H., Albury, C. and Lee, J. (2021): Effectiveness of honey for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 26 — honey for colds.
World Health Organization (2001): Cough and cold remedies for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in young children — honey as a home measure.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, FoodData Central — composition and energy value of honey.
National Honey Board (US): advice on replacing sugar with honey in baking.
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (retained in UK law as amended) — mandatory label information, ban on misleading statements.
Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey, as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/1438, and the Honey (England) Regulations 2015 with their equivalents in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — names of honey, country of origin.
Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs — primary production and direct supply of small quantities under national rules.
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims — ban on healing claims.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2018): Proper Labeling of Honey and Honey Products: Guidance for Industry.

Drinks (39)

U.S. FDA: Talking About Juice Safety: What You Need to Know and 21 CFR Part 120, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems for juice — risks of unpasteurised juice, E. coli O157:H7, windfall fruit.
Heyman, M. B. and Abrams, S. A. (2017): Fruit Juice in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Current Recommendations. Pediatrics 139(6), American Academy of Pediatrics — juice amounts by age.
NHS: 5 A Day and Drinks and cups for babies and young children — juice limits in the UK.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — heating and pasteurising juice.
Lea, A. G. H. and Piggott, J. R. (eds.) (2003): Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic — patulin and the quality of apples for juice.
Proulx, A. and Nichols, L. (2003): Cider: Making, Using & Enjoying Sweet & Hard Cider, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — scratter, press, apple juice yields.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539, Guide 2 (Berry Syrup). National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — pasteurising syrups, bath times by altitude.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — syrups, bottles and water bath.
European Medicines Agency (EMA), HMPC: Community herbal monograph on Sambucus nigra L., flos — elderflower, use and caution.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1984): Poisoning from Elderberry Juice — California. MMWR 33(13) — poisoning from juice made with raw berries, leaves and stalks of elder.
Frohne, D. and Pfänder, H. J. (2005): Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians, 2nd edition. Manson Publishing — danewort, yew, red elderberry.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — vinegar, strength and why homemade vinegar isn't used for pickling.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Flavored Vinegars — herb and fruit vinegars, garlic and herbs in vinegar.
U.S. FDA: Questions and Answers on Lead-Glazed Traditional Pottery — lead from glazes and acidic food.
Lea, A. G. H. and Piggott, J. R. (eds.) (2003): Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic — alcoholic and acetic fermentation.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — vinegar, shrub and oxymel.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — kvass, boza, ginger beer, water kefir, kombucha, beet kvass.
Hancıoğlu, Ö. and Karapınar, M. (1997): Microflora of Boza, a traditional fermented Turkish beverage. International Journal of Food Microbiology 35(3) — microflora, acidity and alcohol in boza.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1995): Unexplained Severe Illness Possibly Associated with Consumption of Kombucha Tea — Iowa, 1995. MMWR 44(48) — caution with kombucha.
U.S. FDA: Questions and Answers on Lead-Glazed Traditional Pottery — acidic food and lead from glazes.
Lea, A. G. H. and Piggott, J. R. (eds.) (2003): Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic — alcoholic fermentation, carbon dioxide and pressure in the bottle.
Proulx, A. and Nichols, L. (2003): Cider: Making, Using & Enjoying Sweet & Hard Cider, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — cider apple varieties, fermentation, racking, sparkling cider.
Lea, A. G. H. and Piggott, J. R. (eds.) (2003): Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic — cider and perry, sorbitol, sulphur dioxide.
Jackson, R. S. (2014): Wine Science: Principles and Applications, 4th edition. Academic Press — yeast, nutrient, H₂S, wine spoilage.
Zoecklein, B. W., Fugelsang, K. C., Gump, B. H. and Nury, F. S. (1995): Wine Analysis and Production. Chapman & Hall — measuring sugar, gravity and SO₂.
NIOSH: Carbon dioxide — Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH), 40,000 ppm (4 %) — the danger of CO₂ in enclosed spaces.
Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products, Annex VII — definition of wine.
Jackson, R. S. (2014): Wine Science: Principles and Applications, 4th edition. Academic Press — ripeness, fermentation, malolactic fermentation, wine faults.
Boulton, R. B., Singleton, V. L., Bisson, L. F. and Kunkee, R. E. (1996): Principles and Practices of Winemaking. Chapman & Hall — sulphur dioxide, settling the must, fermenting on the skins.
Zoecklein, B. W., Fugelsang, K. C., Gump, B. H. and Nury, F. S. (1995): Wine Analysis and Production. Chapman & Hall — measuring sugar, acid and free SO₂.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/934 on oenological practices — total SO₂ limits, adding sugar and acid.
Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013, Annexes VII and VIII — definition of wine and oenological practices in the EU.
NIOSH: Carbon dioxide — Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH), 40,000 ppm (4 %) — CO₂ in the cellar.
Regulation (EU) 2019/787 on the definition, description, presentation and labelling of spirit drinks — fruit spirits and methanol limits in trade.
Commission Recommendation (EU) 2016/22 on the prevention and reduction of ethyl carbamate contamination in stone fruit spirits — stones, mash storage, prompt distilling, cutting heads and tails.
Council Directive 92/83/EEC on the harmonisation of the structures of excise duties on alcohol and alcoholic beverages — the principle of excise and reduced rates for small distilleries.
EFSA (2007): Ethyl carbamate and hydrocyanic acid in food and beverages. EFSA Journal 551 — hydrogen cyanide and ethyl carbamate in stone fruit spirits.
World Health Organization: Methanol poisoning outbreaks (information note) — signs of methanol poisoning and urgent treatment.
Lea, A. G. H. and Piggott, J. R. (eds.) (2003): Fermented Beverage Production, 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic — fermenting fruit mash and distillation.

The homestead kitchen through the year (35)

WHO and FAO (2003): Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva — recommendation of at least 400 g of fruit and vegetables a day.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva — hygiene, cooking, safe temperatures, raw eggs and milk.
Mabey, R. (2012): Food for Free, Collins — foraging wild greens and poisonous lookalikes.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — rules for oil with garlic and herbs.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk) — advice on eggs for vulnerable groups and on raw drinking milk.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Leftovers and Food Safety and Danger Zone (40 °F – 140 °F) — the 2-hour rule, 1 hour above 90 °F (32 °C); safe temperature for roast poultry.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva — cooling, reheating, raw eggs and milk.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — blanching and freezing vegetables.
WHO and FAO (2003): Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916 — fruit and vegetables in the diet.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk) — chilling, cooling and reheating food at home.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service — safe temperatures and storage of cooked meat.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2012): Bad Bug Book, 2nd edition — phytohaemagglutinin in raw beans and the need for boiling.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — sauerkraut: salt and fermentation time by temperature.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — storing potatoes, cabbage, squash and apples.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk) — cooking dried red kidney beans.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency — a full freezer holds about 48 h, a half-full one 24 h; refreezing.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: advice on sprouts for vulnerable groups — cook sprouts for children, pregnant women and older people.
International Commission on Trichinellosis — testing meat for trichinella; smoking and drying are not reliable protection.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva — cooling and reheating cooked food.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk) — freezing, thawing and refreezing at home.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Burn Wise — dry wood, moisture below 20 %, burning and smoke.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: warnings about lead in glazed ceramic tableware.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service — safe temperatures (danger zone 40–140 °F / 5–60 °C) and reheating.
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Carbon Monoxide — CO alarms and signs of poisoning.
HETAS (UK) and Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA) — solid-fuel appliances, installers and chimney sweeps.
UNEP (2021): Food Waste Index Report 2021. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme — roughly 74 kg of food wasted per person a year in households.
FAO (2011): Global Food Losses and Food Waste — Extent, Causes and Prevention. Rome — roughly a third of food is lost or wasted.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Leftovers and Food Safety and Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous? — cooling within 2 hours, 3–4 days in the fridge, mould.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products — ban on catering waste in the feeding of farmed animals in the EU (retained in UK law).
WRAP (UK): Love Food Hate Waste — household food waste and practical advice.
WHO and FAO (2003): Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva — vegetables, fruit and a varied diet.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva — food safety in the home.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539 — low-acid preserves, vinegar of known strength.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — stores in the cellar.
NHS (nhs.uk) — foods to avoid in pregnancy and for babies.

Cellars, clamps and earth pits (32)

Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — temperatures, humidity, storage life, ethylene.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — storage groups, cellars, clamps, practical methods.
Kader, A. A. (ed.) (2002): Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3rd edition. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3311 — respiration, water loss, ethylene.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — sorting, handling, simple stores.
RHS (Royal Horticultural Society): advice pages on storing vegetables and storing apples and pears.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — types of cellar, ventilation, partitioning a basement.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — storage conditions and store ventilation.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — simple stores and ventilation.
WHO (2009): WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective. Geneva: World Health Organization — radon in cellars.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive): guidance on excavation safety; OSHA (US): trenching and excavation guidance.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — clamps, pits, buried barrels, storing in the bed.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — clamps for potatoes and roots.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — storage temperature and humidity, respiration and CO₂.
NIOSH (1987): A Guide to Safety in Confined Spaces. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 87-113 — hazards of confined spaces, oxygen deficiency, rescue.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive): guidance on confined spaces and on excavations.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — potatoes, roots, curing, low-temperature sweetening.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — roots in sand and sawdust, home methods.
Kader, A. A. (ed.) (2002): Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3rd edition. University of California, ANR Publication 3311 — storage physiology, storage diseases.
FAO (2009): New Light on a Hidden Treasure: International Year of the Potato 2008. Rome: FAO — potatoes in the diet and storage.
EFSA (2015): Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food. EFSA Journal 13(6): 4104 — acrylamide and storing potatoes at low temperature.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — cabbage, onions and garlic, squash: conditions and storage life.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — cabbage in a trench, onions in the loft, squash in a warm room.
Kader, A. A. (ed.) (2002): Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3rd edition. University of California, ANR Publication 3311 — drying onions, curing squash, chilling injury.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (USDA / University of Georgia): guidance on pumpkin and winter squash (no home-canned purée) and on garlic in oil.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — apples, pears, quinces: temperature, humidity, storage disorders.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — home storage of fruit, wrapping, keeping fruit apart from vegetables.
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS): Apples and pears: harvesting and storing (rhs.org.uk) — home storage and ripening pears.
FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius (2003): Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Patulin Contamination in Apple Juice — rotten fruit and patulin.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — running a cellar through winter, ventilation, frost, rodents.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — freezing points, condensation, store sanitation.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Clean Up After Rodents (cdc.gov) — safe clean-up of rodent droppings.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — hygiene and store checks.

Drying (29)

National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying (Drying Fruits, Drying Vegetables, Drying Herbs) — temperatures, pretreatments, dryness tests, conditioning and pasteurisation.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — chapter on drying.
Harrison, J. A. and Andress, E. L. (2000): Preserving Food: Drying Fruits and Vegetables, FDNS-E-43-10. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension.
FAO: Fruit and Vegetable Processing (FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 119, 1995) — principles of drying, dryers and the moisture of the finished product.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxin Contamination in Spices (CXC 78-2017) and Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dried Figs (CXC 65-2008).
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Fruits (section on sun drying) and Drying Vegetables — temperature and humidity conditions, dew, freezer and oven pasteurisation.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying in the sun, in the shade and on strings.
FAO: Fruit and Vegetable Processing (FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 119, 1995) — sun drying and protection from contamination.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dried Figs (CXC 65-2008) — harvesting, sorting and drying figs.
FAO: Fruit and Vegetable Processing (FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 119, 1995) — types of dryer, direct and indirect heating, solar dryers.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying — electric dehydrators, oven, temperatures.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying equipment.
EFSA (2008): Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food, Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain — PAHs from smoke.
WHO (2010): WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants — carbon monoxide.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Fruits — temperatures, tray loading, checking the skin, conditioning.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying fruit by kind, problems.
FAO: Fruit and Vegetable Processing (FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 119, 1995) — drying plums, apricots and grapes, grading the finished product.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dried Figs (CXC 65-2008).
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Vegetables — steam blanching, temperatures, dryness tests, conditioning.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying vegetables, rehydrating.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Mycotoxin Contamination in Spices (CXC 78-2017) — mould and mycotoxins in paprika.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying Vegetables (mushrooms) and Drying Herbs — temperatures, dryness tests, pasteurising.
WHO (2003): WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants — harvesting and drying herbs.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — drying mushrooms and herbs.
Flammer, R. and Horak, E. (2003): Giftpilze – Pilzgifte. Schwabe — poisonous mushrooms, poisoning syndromes and time to onset of symptoms.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia: Drying (Storing Dried Foods) — packing, temperature, keeping times, pasteurising.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — storing dried food.
Purdue University Extension, Department of Entomology: fact sheets on stored-product pests (Indianmeal Moth and others) — the Indian meal moth, identification and control without insecticides.
WHO (2003): WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants — storing dried herbs.

Smoking and the smokehouse (30)

Sikorski, Z. E. and Kołakowski, E. (2010): Smoking. In: Toldrá, F. (ed.), Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — composition of smoke, temperatures, PAHs.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — cold, warm and hot smoking, smokehouses, curing salts.
USDA FSIS: Smoking Meat and Poultry — chamber and centre temperatures.
EFSA (2008): Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food, scientific opinion of the CONTAM Panel — PAHs in smoked food.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food — benzo[a]pyrene and PAH4 in smoked meat and fish.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 as regards nitrites and nitrates.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — smokehouses with a separate firebox, smoke channel, smoke generator.
Sikorski, Z. E. and Kołakowski, E. (2010): Smoking. In: Toldrá, F. (ed.), Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — smoke temperatures and equipment.
USDA FSIS: Smoking Meat and Poultry — safety of hot smoking.
Planning Portal (England and Wales): guidance on outbuildings and permitted development.
Sikorski, Z. E. and Kołakowski, E. (2010): Smoking. In: Toldrá, F. (ed.), Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — pyrolysis of wood, smoke temperatures, composition of smoke.
EFSA (2008): Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food, scientific opinion of the CONTAM Panel — PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, the sum of four PAHs.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food — limits for smoked meat and fish.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — wood species, smoke generators, cold and hot smoking.
Toldrá, F. (2002): Dry-Cured Meat Products. Food & Nutrition Press — smoking and drying of cured meats, weight loss.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — cold smoking, temperatures, humidity, smoking rhythm.
Sikorski, Z. E. and Kołakowski, E. (2010): Smoking. In: Toldrá, F. (ed.), Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — cold smoking and quality.
USDA FSIS: Smoking Meat and Poultry — smoking safety.
USDA FSIS: Smoking Meat and Poultry — chamber temperatures, safe centre temperatures, cooling.
USDA FSIS (2017): Appendix B: Compliance Guidelines for Cooling Heat-Treated Meat and Poultry Products (Stabilization) — two-step cooling.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — hot smoking, brine, cooking ham and sausages.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives, as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 — nitrites in meat products.
FDA: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance, 4th edition with updates — hot-smoked fish (63 °C, 30 min), parasites and freezing, type E botulism, histamine.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, Annex III, Section VIII — freezing fish against parasites before cold smoking.
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — smoked cheeses.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — smoking fish, brines.
IARC (2015): Red Meat and Processed Meat, IARC Monographs Vol. 114 — processed meat as a Group 1 carcinogen.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food — PAHs in smoked meat and fish.
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives, as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 — nitrites.
USDA FSIS: Smoking Meat and Poultry and Ham and Food Safety — storage and keeping times.

Salting and brining (30)

Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — kinds of curing, curing salts, equilibrium curing.
Toldrá, F. (ed.) (2010): Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — the role of salt and nitrite in meat.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020): Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance, 4th edition — water-phase salt, type E botulism, parasites, histamine.
World Health Organization (2012): Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children — recommendation of less than 5 g of salt a day.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia) — curing, brines and safety of home preserving.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 as regards nitrites and nitrates (E 249–E 252) — maximum added nitrite.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — dry equilibrium curing, time by thickness, curing salts.
Toldrá, F. (ed.) (2010): Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — dry curing, equalising, weight loss.
USDA FSIS: Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart — safe temperature for poultry (74 °C / 165 °F).
EFSA and ECDC: the annual European Union One Health Zoonoses Report — trichinellosis, salmonella and campylobacter in Europe.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 — maximum added nitrite in meat products.
Marianski, S. and Marianski, A. (2010): Home Production of Quality Meats and Sausages. Bookmagic — equilibrium brine, injecting, curing salts.
Toldrá, F. (ed.) (2010): Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — brining, injecting, cooked ham.
USDA FSIS: Ham and Food Safety and Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart — cooked ham, temperatures for pork and poultry.
USDA FSIS: Mechanically Tenderized Beef — why meat pierced by a needle needs cooking through to the centre.
Kindstedt, P. (2005): American Farmstead Cheese. Chelsea Green — brine, calcium and acidity of the brine, cheese faults.
Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. and McSweeney, P. L. H. (2017): Fundamentals of Cheese Science, 2nd edition. Springer — salting cheese, brined cheeses.
Tamime, A. Y. (ed.) (2006): Brined Cheeses. Blackwell — feta, white brined cheeses, halloumi, brine and ripening.
EFSA and ECDC: the annual European Union One Health Zoonoses Report — listeriosis and cheese.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020): Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance, 4th edition — histamine, parasites and freezing, type E botulism, water-phase salt, ungutted salted fish.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, Annex III, Section VIII — freezing of fish eaten raw or lightly processed (parasites); retained in UK law.
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (2010): Scientific Opinion on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products. EFSA Journal 8(4):1543.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Salted Fish and Dried Salted Fish of the Gadidae Family of Fishes (CXS 167-1989) — salt and dried cod.
National Center for Home Food Preservation (University of Georgia): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition — salting and fermenting vegetables, safety.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020): Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance — water-phase salt that holds back botulism (the principle also applies to vegetables).
World Health Organization (2012): Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children — less than 5 g of salt a day.
Codex Alimentarius: General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969, revised 2020) — HACCP, control points, limits and corrective actions.
World Health Organization (2018): Botulism, fact sheet — signs, treatment, prevention.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2020): Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance, 4th edition — histamine, parasites, type E botulism.
EFSA and ECDC: the annual European Union One Health Zoonoses Report — listeriosis, trichinellosis, salmonella, botulism.

Fermentation and pickling (35)

Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — lactic acid fermentation of vegetables, vessels, weights, kahm yeast.
Hutkins, R. W. (2019): Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — phases of sauerkraut fermentation and lactic acid bacteria.
Breidt, F., McFeeters, R. F., Pérez-Díaz, I. and Lee, C.-H. (2013): Fermented Vegetables. In: Doyle, M. P. and Buchanan, R. L. (eds.), Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 4th edition. ASM Press — salt, temperature, pH and safety.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented and Pickled Foods. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — salt for sauerkraut and cucumbers, temperature and timing.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — equipment and storage of fermented vegetables.
U.S. FDA: Questions and Answers on Lead-Glazed Traditional Pottery — acidic food and lead from glazes.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented and Pickled Foods. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — salt 2–2.5 %, temperatures and length of sauerkraut fermentation, processing sauerkraut in jars.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — sauerkraut, problems and storage.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — sauerkraut in a crock, vessels, weights, kahm yeast.
Hutkins, R. W. (2019): Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — course of sauerkraut fermentation and the effect of salt and temperature.
Steinkraus, K. H. (ed.) (1996): Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker — traditional fermented vegetables.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented and Pickled Foods. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — fermented cucumbers, brine, temperature, water bath for fermented cucumbers.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — crispness and problems with fermented cucumbers.
Breidt, F., McFeeters, R. F., Pérez-Díaz, I. and Lee, C.-H. (2013): Fermented Vegetables. In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 4th edition. ASM Press — softening of cucumbers, salt and enzymes.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — tannins (cherry, vine, oak leaves), soured turnip, mixed vegetables.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — brine, fermented vegetable juices, bran sour.
World Health Organization (2012): Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. WHO, Geneva — advice of less than 5 g of salt a day.
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (2011): Scientific Opinion on risk based control of biogenic amine formation in fermented foods. EFSA Journal 9(10):2393 — histamine and tyramine in fermented food.
Hutkins, R. W. (2019): Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — fermentation of vegetable juices and the role of starters.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP) — composition of sauerkraut brine and rules for fermented vegetables.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — beet kvass, vegetable drinks, second batch.
Hutkins, R. W. (2019): Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell — lactic acid fermentation of vegetables and the role of salt and temperature.
Steinkraus, K. H. (ed.) (1996): Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods, 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker — traditional fermented vegetable drinks (şalgam and similar).
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (2011): Scientific Opinion on risk based control of biogenic amine formation in fermented foods. EFSA Journal 9(10):2393 — histamine and tyramine.
World Health Organization (2012): Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children — advice of less than 5 g of salt a day.
Tamime, A. Y. (ed.) (2006): Fermented Milks. Blackwell Publishing — kefir, mesophilic soured milks, buttermilk.
Farnworth, E. R. (ed.) (2008): Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods, 2nd edition. CRC Press — kefir grains, microflora, alcohol in kefir.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Fermented Milks (CXS 243-2003) — definitions of kefir, soured milk and ayran.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — looking after kefir grains, tarhana.
Carroll, R. (2002): Home Cheese Making, 3rd edition. Storey Publishing — mesophilic cultures, buttermilk.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented and Pickled Foods. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — problems with sauerkraut and cucumbers, when to throw out.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — table of problems with fermented vegetables.
Breidt, F., McFeeters, R. F., Pérez-Díaz, I. and Lee, C.-H. (2013): Fermented Vegetables. In: Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 4th edition. ASM Press — slime-forming bacteria, pink sauerkraut, softening, safety.
World Health Organization (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual — hygiene and food storage.
Katz, S. E. (2012): The Art of Fermentation. Chelsea Green Publishing — kahm yeast, surface mould.

Fat, oil, honey and sugar (37)

USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — botulism, the pH 4.6 limit, food without air.
Leistner, L. and Gorris, L. G. M. (1995): Food preservation by hurdle technology. Trends in Food Science & Technology 6 — the principle of multiple hurdles (barriers) against spoilage.
WHO: Botulism, fact sheet — sources, symptoms and prevention of botulism.
Shahidi, F. (ed.) (2005): Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 6th edition. Wiley — oxidation and rancidity of fats and oils.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — storage, freezing, the larder.
USDA FSIS: Shelf-Stable Food Safety — keeping food outside the fridge.
USDA FSIS: Shelf-Stable Food Safety and Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures — safe meat temperatures and keeping outside the fridge.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 5: Preparing and Canning Poultry, Red Meats, and Seafoods. NCHFP, University of Georgia — why meat in jars is processed only in a pressure canner.
Peck, M. W. (2006): Clostridium botulinum and the safety of minimally heated, chilled foods: an emerging issue? Journal of Applied Microbiology 101 — growth of botulism at low temperatures and the role of salt and chilling.
WHO: Botulism, fact sheet — destruction of the toxin by heating.
Toldrá, F. (ed.) (2010): Handbook of Meat Processing. Wiley-Blackwell — salting, heat treatment and storage of meat products.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6: Preparing and Canning Fermented Foods and Pickled Vegetables (Marinated Whole Mushrooms). NCHFP, University of Georgia — recipe and water bath times for marinated mushrooms.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — herb oils and vegetables in oil.
University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources: Garlic: Safe Methods to Store, Preserve, and Enjoy — garlic in oil.
U.S. FDA: 21 CFR 133 (Cheeses and related cheese products) — the 60-day ageing rule for cheese from unpasteurised milk.
WHO: Listeriosis, fact sheet — risk groups and foods.
Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey, as amended; The Honey (England) Regulations 2015 and the equivalents in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland — the definition of honey and the ban on additions.
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (retained in UK law) — name, ingredients, quantity of ingredients (QUID) and allergens (tree nuts).
U.S. FDA (2018): Proper Labeling of Honey and Honey Products, guidance for industry; Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) — tree nuts as a major allergen.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 2: Selecting, Preparing and Canning Fruit and Fruit Products. NCHFP, University of Georgia — honey in place of part of the sugar in syrup.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Tree Nuts (CXC 59-2005) — drying and moulds on nuts.
American Academy of Pediatrics; NHS: honey and infant botulism; nuts and choking in young children.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 6 and Guide 7. NCHFP, University of Georgia — use of food-grade (pickling) lime and rinsing; water bath for sweet preserves.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — candied fruit and peel, syrups.
Codex Alimentarius: Standard for Jams, Jellies and Marmalades (CXS 296-2009) — soluble solids (°Brix) in fruit products with sugar.
Jay, J. M., Loessner, M. J. and Golden, D. A. (2005): Modern Food Microbiology, 7th edition. Springer — water activity and growth limits for germs in sugary foods.
NHS: burns and scalds — first aid (cooling with running water for 20 minutes).
Shahidi, F. (ed.) (2005): Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 6th edition. Wiley — rendering, composition and oxidation of animal fats, smoke points.
USDA FSIS: Shelf-Stable Food Safety — keeping fat outside the fridge.
NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers — Class K extinguishers for cooking oils and fats (Class F in the UK and Europe).
World Health Organization (WHO): Burns; NHS: burns and scalds — first aid for burns.
RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds): advice on winter feeding of birds with fat and suet — no salt, no mesh bags, no fat from the pan.
WHO: Botulism, fact sheet — sources, symptoms, time to onset, destruction of the toxin by heating.
U.S. CDC: Botulism — symptoms, infant botulism and handling suspect food, including the 1 : 5 bleach solution.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Guide 1 and Guide 5. NCHFP, University of Georgia — the pressure canner, times for meat, chicken, stew and stock.
USDA FSIS: Food Safety in a Power Outage and Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures — freezer and fridge without power, safe temperatures.
Codex Alimentarius: Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin Contamination in Tree Nuts (CXC 59-2005).

Grain and flour storage (34)

FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — moisture, temperature, equilibrium moisture, storage pests.
FAO (2011): Rural structures in the tropics: design and development. Rome: FAO — grain stores, ventilation, moisture migration.
Hagstrum, D. W., Phillips, T. W. and Cuperus, G. (eds.) (2012): Stored Product Protection. Kansas State University Research and Extension, S156 — stored-product insects, monitoring, development temperatures, safe storage time.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — storing grain on a small homestead.
AHDB: Grain Storage Guide — cooling, monitoring and pest control for stored grain in the UK.
U.S. OSHA: Grain Handling — the danger of engulfment in granaries and silos.
FAO (2011): Rural structures in the tropics: design and development. Rome: FAO — grain stores, maize cribs, rodent protection, loads.
FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — traditional stores, cribs and granaries.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — the corn crib and the small granary on a homestead.
Midwest Plan Service: Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook (MWPS-13). Iowa State University — bulk densities of grain, wall and floor loads.
U.S. OSHA: Grain Handling — engulfment in grain stores.
FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — containers, sacks, airtight storage.
Murdock, L. L., Margam, V., Baoua, I., Balfe, S. and Shade, R. E. (2012): Death by desiccation: Effects of hermetic storage on cowpea bruchids. Journal of Stored Products Research 49 — how insects die in airtight containers.
Purdue University: Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) — multilayer hermetic bags for grain and pulses.
Hagstrum, D. W., Phillips, T. W. and Cuperus, G. (eds.) (2012): Stored Product Protection. Kansas State University, S156 — insect-resistant packaging.
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Clean Up After Rodents and Seal Up! Trap Up! Clean Up! — closing gaps, traps, wet cleaning of droppings and nests.
WHO (2011): Leptospirosis: an emerging public health problem. Weekly Epidemiological Record — leptospirosis and rodents.
FAO (2011): Rural structures in the tropics: design and development. Rome — protecting grain stores from rodents, rat guards.
Buckle, A. P. and Smith, R. H. (eds.) (2015): Rodent Pests and Their Control, 2nd edition. CABI — biology of mice and rats, damage, traps, secondary poisoning.
Barn Owl Trust: guidance on barn owl nest boxes in buildings (UK).
Hagstrum, D. W., Phillips, T. W. and Cuperus, G. (eds.) (2012): Stored Product Protection. Kansas State University Research and Extension, S156 — insect identification, development temperatures, monitoring, freezing and heat, diatomaceous earth.
Rees, D. (2004): Insects of Stored Products. CSIRO Publishing — biology and identification of grain and flour insects.
Subramanyam, Bh. and Hagstrum, D. W. (eds.) (2000): Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM. Kluwer Academic — airtight storage, modified atmospheres, diatomaceous earth, heat and cold.
FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — traditional methods (ash, oil, sand).
AHDB: Grain Storage Guide — monitoring and non-chemical control of stored-grain insects in the UK.
Hoseney, R. C. (1994): Principles of Cereal Science and Technology, 2nd edition. AACC, St. Paul — grain lipids, rancidity of wholemeal flour, ageing of flour.
Kent, N. L. and Evers, A. D. (1994): Kent's Technology of Cereals, 4th edition. Woodhead — flour types, moisture and flour storage.
U.S. FDA: Handling Flour Safely: What You Need to Know — raw flour and raw dough.
Rees, D. (2004): Insects of Stored Products. CSIRO Publishing — flour beetles, moths and mites in flour.
Hagstrum, D. W., Phillips, T. W. and Cuperus, G. (eds.) (2012): Stored Product Protection. Kansas State University, S156 — protecting processed products from insects.
FAO (1994): Grain storage techniques: Evolution and trends in developing countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109 — stores, storage losses, bulk densities of grain.
FAO (2011): Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. Rome — grain losses in storage.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D. et al. (2011): Animal Nutrition, 7th edition. Pearson — animals' concentrate requirements.
Logsdon, G. (2009): Small-Scale Grain Raising, 2nd edition. Chelsea Green — how much grain the household and animals need on a small homestead.

Cooling without electricity (34)

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Danger Zone (40 °F – 140 °F) and Leftovers and Food Safety — danger zone, the 2-hour rule and 1 hour above 90 °F.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Food Code (2022) — two-stage cooling of cooked food (135 → 70 °F in 2 h, → 41 °F in a further 4 h).
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization — temperature, time, leftovers, vulnerable groups.
Food Standards Agency (UK) and Food Safety Authority of Ireland: consumer guidance on chilling, leftovers and listeria in pregnancy.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — cold larders, ground temperatures, natural cooling.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — evaporative cooling and simple stores.
Cummings, R. O. (1949): The American Ice Harvests: A Historical Study in Technology, 1800–1918. Berkeley: University of California Press — cutting, stacking and keeping natural ice.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — cold larders and natural cooling.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Food Code (2022) — ice in direct contact with food must be made from drinking water; holding food at 5 °C (41 °F) and below.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization — temperature and safe water.
U.S. FDA: Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance — time limits and temperatures for cooling raw milk on the farm.
WHO (2017): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edition incorporating the first addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization — protecting springs and wells from contamination.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — spring houses and water cooling.
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Permit-Required Confined Spaces, 29 CFR 1910.146 — 19.5 % oxygen as the lower limit.
Drinking Water Inspectorate (England and Wales): guidance on private water supplies; U.S. EPA: Private Drinking Water Wells — testing and protecting private supplies.
Rolex Awards for Enterprise (2000): the project of Mohammed Bah Abba, the "pot-in-pot" cooler (zeer) in northern Nigeria — principle and keeping times achieved for vegetables.
Practical Action (formerly ITDG): technical briefs Evaporative Cooling and Clay Pot Cooler — making, sizes, maintenance.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — evaporative cooling, humidity and water loss in vegetables.
Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi: Pusa Zero Energy Cool Chamber — double-walled brick chamber with wet sand.
U.S. FDA: warnings on lead in traditional glazed ceramics (Lead in Food, Foodwares, and Dietary Supplements).
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — cold pantries, window boxes, ventilation.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — storage temperatures and humidity.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Refrigeration and Food Safety — 40 °F (4 °C) as the limit for perishable food.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization — cold storage and separating raw from cooked.
Stull, R. (2011): "Wet-Bulb Temperature from Relative Humidity and Air Temperature". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50 (11), 2267–2269 — formula for the wet-bulb table.
FAO (1989): Prevention of Post-Harvest Food Losses: Fruits, Vegetables and Root Crops. A Training Manual. Rome: FAO — post-harvest cooling of vegetables, evaporation.
Kader, A. A. (ed.) (2002): Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, 3rd edition. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3311 — post-harvest cooling, humidity and water loss.
Practical Action (formerly ITDG): technical brief Evaporative Cooling — charcoal coolers and wet-hessian cabinets.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency and A Consumer's Guide to Food Safety: Severe Storms and Hurricanes — a freezer without power (full 48 h, half full 24 h), a fridge 4 hours, refreezing.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Danger Zone (40 °F – 140 °F) — the 2-hour rule and 1 hour above 90 °F.
Food Standards Agency (UK) and Food Safety Authority of Ireland: consumer advice on power cuts, freezers and leftovers.
WHO (2006): Five Keys to Safer Food Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization — cooking, cooling and reheating.
U.S. FDA: Food Code (2022) — two-stage cooling and hot holding above 57–60 °C (135–140 °F).
National Center for Home Food Preservation (USDA / University of Georgia) — meat in jars only in a pressure canner.

The pantry calendar (29)

USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — safe preserving, shelf lives, amounts per jar.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — storage conditions and times for vegetables and fruit.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — planning a family's winter stores.
World Health Organization (2003): Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916 — at least 400 g of fruit and vegetables a day.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), University of Georgia — timing and methods for preserving.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — seasonal planning of preserving.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — harvesting and bringing into store by season.
Proctor, D. L. (ed.) (1994): Grain Storage Techniques: Evolution and Trends in Developing Countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109. Rome: FAO — moisture, cooling and checking grain.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — keeping times of fresh vegetables and fruit.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. NCHFP, University of Georgia — shelf life of jars and signs of spoilage.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Freezing and Food Safety (fsis.usda.gov) — safety and quality of frozen food.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — keeping times for dried, fermented and frozen food.
Food Standards Agency (food.gov.uk) and Food Safety Authority of Ireland (fsai.ie) — UK and Irish advice on listeria, eggs and home food safety.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — the order of using cellar stores.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — keeping times by species and variety.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Freezing and Food Safety and Food Safety During Power Outages (fsis.usda.gov) — the freezer and power cuts.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — rotating jars and dried food.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — storage places in the house, cellars, shelving.
Gross, K. C., Wang, C. Y. and Saltveit, M. (eds) (2016): The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA, Agriculture Handbook 66 — conditions and ethylene.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Clean Up After Rodents (cdc.gov) — safe cleaning of rodent droppings.
Proctor, D. L. (ed.) (1994): Grain Storage Techniques: Evolution and Trends in Developing Countries. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 109. Rome: FAO — containers and protecting grain.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. NCHFP, University of Georgia — labelling jars and batches.
FAO (2019): The State of Food and Agriculture 2019: Moving Forward on Food Loss and Waste Reduction. Rome: FAO — measuring food loss and its causes.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — records of cellar stores.
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Freezing and Food Safety (fsis.usda.gov) — labelling and keeping times in the freezer.
USDA (2015): Complete Guide to Home Canning, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 539. NCHFP, University of Georgia — planning quantities and supplies for preserving.
Andress, E. L. and Harrison, J. A. (2014): So Easy to Preserve, 6th edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension — planning family stores.
FAO (2019): The State of Food and Agriculture 2019: Moving Forward on Food Loss and Waste Reduction. Rome: FAO — food loss in households.
Bubel, M. and Bubel, N. (1991): Root Cellaring: Natural Cold Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, 2nd edition. Storey Publishing — the yearly review of stores.

Firewood and heating (31)

Krajnc, N. (2015): Wood Fuels Handbook. FAO — wood fuel measures, calorific value and moisture.
USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, ch. 4 — density of wood species and moisture content.
U.S. EPA, Burn Wise: advice on burning dry wood and using a moisture meter.
Defra (UK): guidance on Ready to Burn and domestic burning of wood and solid fuels in England.
FAO (2018): The State of the World's Forests 2018. Rome: FAO — sustainable forest management.
Matthews, J. D. (1989): Silvicultural Systems. Oxford University Press — coppice, rotations and felling systems.
Smith, D. M., Larson, B. C., Kelty, M. J., Ashton, P. M. S. (1997): The Practice of Silviculture: Applied Forest Ecology, 9th edition. Wiley — thinning, tree selection and regeneration.
Forestry Commission (UK): Tree felling — getting permission, guidance on felling licences and exemptions.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA): material on safety in forestry and chainsaw work.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): Chainsaws at work (INDG317) — equipment, kickback and training.
OSHA (US): Logging eTool — felling a tree, escape routes, hung-up trees.
ILO (1998): Safety and health in forestry work. An ILO code of practice. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, ch. 4 and 13 — water in wood and drying.
Krajnc, N. (2015): Wood Fuels Handbook. FAO — moisture, seasoning and storing firewood.
U.S. EPA, Burn Wise: Split, Stack, Cover, Store and guidance on wood moisture meters.
Woodsure (UK): Ready to Burn certification scheme.
U.S. EPA, Burn Wise: guidance on burning, choosing a stove and safety.
Krajnc, N. (2015): Wood Fuels Handbook. FAO — wood combustion and appliance efficiency.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Wood and Pellet Heating — choosing and sizing appliances.
European standards EN 13240 and EN 16510 for domestic solid fuel appliances — how nominal output and efficiency are measured.
HETAS (UK): guidance on safe installation and use of solid fuel and wood heating.
NFPA 211 (US): Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances.
WHO (2010): WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe — carbon monoxide.
U.S. CDC: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning — symptoms, sources and prevention.
NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances — chimney inspection and sweeping.
EN 50291: standard for electrical apparatus for detecting carbon monoxide in domestic premises; UL 2034 for single- and multiple-station CO alarms (US).
HETAS (UK): guidance on chimney sweeping and safe use of solid fuel appliances.
Krajnc, N. (2015): Wood Fuels Handbook. FAO — wood fuel supply chain, measures and seasoning.
USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material — wood properties and drying.
U.S. EPA, Burn Wise — burning dry wood and safety.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): Chainsaws at work (INDG317) — organising chainsaw work.

Energy (34)

European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC): PVGIS — Photovoltaic Geographical Information System, free tool for estimating solar output by location (covers the UK and Ireland).
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): PVWatts Calculator — solar output by location in the US.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Estimating Appliance and Home Electronic Energy Use — working out appliance use from power and hours.
Krajnc, N. (2015): Wood Fuels Handbook. FAO — heating value of wood fuels (in line with H60-01).
EU energy labelling (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369; UK rules after Brexit similar to the EU) and the US FTC EnergyGuide label — appliance energy labels.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC): PVGIS — Photovoltaic Geographical Information System — monthly and yearly output by location, tilt and orientation (UK and Ireland).
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): PVWatts Calculator — output by location in the US, with documentation on system losses and temperature effects.
IEC 61215 and IEC 61730: international standards for the quality and safety of PV modules.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Planning a Home Solar Electric System and Off-Grid or Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Systems.
MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme, UK) and SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland) — installer and product certification, grants and export schemes.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Off-Grid or Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Systems — batteries, controllers and inverters in stand-alone systems.
IEC 62485-2: safety requirements for stationary lead-acid batteries, including room ventilation because of hydrogen.
Battery University (Cadex Electronics): comparison of lead-acid and lithium batteries, depth of discharge and cycle life.
Battery and inverter manufacturers' datasheets: charging voltages, maximum currents, charging temperatures.
Gipe, P. (2016): Wind Energy for the Rest of Us. wind-works.org — small turbines, estimating output from rotor diameter, masts.
Piggott, H. (2009): A Wind Turbine Recipe Book. Scoraig Wind Electric — home-built axial-flux turbines, controllers and dump loads.
Global Wind Atlas, Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the World Bank — average wind speeds by location.
IEC 61400-2: international standard for the design and testing of small wind turbines.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Small Wind Electric Systems — siting, tower height, connection.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Solar Water Heaters — types, thermosiphon and pump, frost protection, maintenance.
World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis — hot water storage temperatures.
Weiss, W. (ed., 2004): Solar Heating Systems for Houses: A Design Handbook for Solar Combisystems. IEA SHC, James & James — sizing collectors and stores.
EN 12975 and EN ISO 9806: testing of solar thermal collectors (Solar Keymark); SRCC OG-100 collector certification in North America.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Legionnaires' disease guidance (ACOP L8) — control of Legionella in hot water systems.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Air Sealing Your Home, Insulation, Water Heating and Appliances and Electronics — saving measures and rough savings.
Energy Saving Trust (UK) and SEAI (Ireland): home energy advice — loft insulation, draught-proofing, hot water.
World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis — hot water temperature.
World Health Organization (WHO, 2009): WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould — damp, mould and ventilation.
EU energy labelling (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369; UK rules after Brexit similar to the EU) and the US EnergyGuide label — appliance energy labels.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Generator Safety — generator distance, signs of poisoning, CO alarms.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service: Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency — fridge 4 hours, full freezer 48 hours, half-full 24 hours.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Saver: Off-Grid or Stand-Alone Renewable Energy Systems — backup generators in stand-alone systems.
Health and Safety Executive (HSE): guidance on storing petrol at home; NHS and HSE (Ireland) advice on carbon monoxide.
Generator manufacturers' manuals: rated and maximum power, fuel use, maintenance intervals.

Building on the homestead (35)

Chiras, D. (2005): The Homeowner's Guide to Renewable Energy and Chiras, D. (2000): The Natural House. Chelsea Green — planning small buildings and natural materials.
Kern, K. (1975): The Owner Built Home. Charles Scribner's Sons — self-building, layout and order of work.
EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work): guidance on work at height, excavations and building sites.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive, UK): guidance on work at height, ladders, excavations and asbestos; OSHA (US): fall protection and trenching guidance.
EN 1991-1-3 and EN 1991-1-4 (Eurocode 1): snow and wind loads. CEN — the basis for national load maps (UK and IE National Annexes); in the US, ASCE 7 and the International Residential Code (IRC).
Planning Portal (England and Wales) — permitted development for outbuildings and agricultural buildings.
Portland Cement Association: Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures (2002 and later editions). PCA — mixes, water–cement ratio, curing.
EN 206: Concrete — Specification, performance, production and conformity. CEN — concrete classes C20/25 and C25/30 (BS 8500 in the UK).
EN 1997-1 (Eurocode 7): Geotechnical design. CEN — foundations and bearing capacity of soil.
Kern, K. (1975): The Owner Built Home. Charles Scribner's Sons — rubble trench and simple foundations.
EU-OSHA and HSE: guidance on excavation safety and working with cement; OSHA (US): trenching and excavation.
International Residential Code (IRC), chapter on foundations — frost depth and footing sizes as adopted locally in the US.
Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. Madison: USDA Forest Service — moisture, shrinkage, durability, fastenings.
EN 350: Durability of wood and wood-based products. CEN — natural durability classes of species.
EN 338: Structural timber — Strength classes. CEN — C16, C24 and other grades.
EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5): Design of timber structures. CEN.
Sobon, J. A. (1984): Build a Classic Timber-Framed House. Storey Publishing — carpentry joints.
IARC: wood dust is classified in Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans).
Minke, G. (2006): Building with Earth: Design and Technology of a Sustainable Architecture. Basel: Birkhäuser — earth blocks, rammed earth, clay plaster, soil tests.
Houben, H., Guillaud, H. (1994): Earth Construction: A Comprehensive Guide. CRATerre — London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
Holmes, S., Wingate, M. (1997): Building with Lime: A Practical Introduction. London: Intermediate Technology Publications — lime, slaking, mortar and plaster.
Historic England: Practical Building Conservation: Mortars, Renders and Plasters (2011) — lime mortars in repair.
EN 1998-1 (Eurocode 8): Design of structures for earthquake resistance. CEN.
EN 1991-1-3 (Eurocode 1): Snow loads and EN 1991-1-4: Wind actions. CEN — the basis for national load maps (UK and IE National Annexes); ASCE 7 (US) and the National Building Code of Canada.
Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. FPL-GTR-190. USDA Forest Service.
EU-OSHA and HSE: guidance on roof work and work at height; OSHA (US): fall protection; WHO: Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases.
BS 5534: code of practice for slating and tiling (UK) — battens, underlays and fixing.
Manufacturers' instructions for tiles and metal sheet: minimum pitch, batten gauge, fixing.
EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5): Design of timber structures and EN 1991-1-3: Snow loads. CEN.
Penn State Extension and University of Minnesota Extension: guidance on hay storage, spontaneous combustion and pole barns.
Kern, K. (1975): The Owner Built Home. Charles Scribner's Sons — light buildings and simple structures.
USDA NRCS: Conservation Practice Standard 382, Fence — posts, braces, spacing and durability of fences.
University of Missouri Extension and Penn State Extension: guides to building livestock fences, H-braces and tensioning wire.
Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook. FPL-GTR-190. USDA Forest Service — durability of wood in the ground.
Kern, K. (1975): The Owner Built Home. Charles Scribner's Sons — gates and simple timber structures.

Traditional crafts (31)

Cavitch, S. M. (1995): The Natural Soap Book. Storey Publishing — cold process, fats and oils, lye safety.
Dunn, K. M. (2010): Scientific Soapmaking: The Chemistry of the Cold Process. Clavicula Press — saponification, SAP values, superfat, soap pH.
Bramson, A. (1975): Soap: Making It, Enjoying It. Workman Publishing — traditional tallow and lard soap.
Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products — soap as a cosmetic product in the EU and Ireland; the UK Cosmetics Regulation follows the same principle.
US FDA: guidance "Soap" (cosmetics labelling and the difference between true soap and cosmetics); Health Canada: Cosmetic Regulations.
Manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS) for sodium hydroxide — first aid, storage, protective equipment.
Oppenheimer, B. (1997): The Candlemaker's Companion. Storey Publishing — dipped and moulded candles, wicks, test burning.
Coggshall, W. L. and Morse, R. A. (1984): Beeswax: Production, Harvesting, Processing and Products. Wicwas Press — beeswax candles.
Bogdanov, S.: Beeswax: Production, Properties, Composition, Control (Bee Product Science, online edition) — melting point and properties of wax.
EN 15494 (BS EN 15494 in the UK): Candles — Product safety labels.
ASTM F2058: Standard Specification for Candle Fire Safety Labeling (US).
Robson, D. and Ekarius, C. (2011): The Fleece & Fiber Sourcebook. Storey Publishing — fleece and breed characteristics, washing, preparation.
Amos, A. (2001): The Alden Amos Big Book of Handspinning. Interweave Press — carding, combing, spinning, plying.
Franquemont, A. (2009): Respect the Spindle. Interweave Press — spindle spinning.
Dean, J. (2010): Wild Color (revised edition). Watson-Guptill — plant dyes and alum.
Zimmermann, E. (1971): Knitting Without Tears. Charles Scribner's Sons — tension swatch, maths, knitting in the round.
Chandler, D. (1995): Learning to Weave (revised edition). Interweave Press — warp, weft, warp calculation, the loom.
Robson, D. and Ekarius, C. (2011): The Fleece & Fiber Sourcebook. Storey Publishing — wool qualities for knitting, weaving and felt.
Amos, A. (2001): The Alden Amos Big Book of Handspinning. Interweave Press — yarn for warp and weft.
Goymer, S. (1991): The Complete Book of Basketry Techniques. David & Charles — base, stakes, side weaves, borders and handles.
Isebrands, J. G. and Richardson, J. (eds) (2014): Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment. FAO and CABI — willow species, growing from cuttings, short rotations.
Frey, R. W., Clarke, I. D. and Veitch, F. P. (1923): Home Tanning of Leather and Small Fur Skins. USDA Farmers' Bulletin 1334 — salting, soaking, alum and salt, bark tanning at home.
Hobson, P. (1977): Tan Your Hide! Home Tanning Leathers & Furs. Storey Publishing — home methods for fur and leather.
Richards, M. (2004): Deerskins into Buckskins. Backcountry Publishing — emulsion and smoke tanning, softening.
World Health Organization (2008): Anthrax in Humans and Animals, 4th edition. WHO — anthrax and work with raw hides.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 on animal by-products — slaughter hides and waste (Ireland; the UK rules follow the same principle).
Sundqvist, W. (1990): Swedish Carving Techniques. Taunton Press — spoons, vessels, safe knife and axe grips.
Abbott, M. (1989): Green Woodwork: Working with Wood the Natural Way. Guild of Master Craftsman Publications — working green wood, the shaving horse, handles.
Wood, R. (2005): The Wooden Bowl. Stobart Davies — making and drying wooden bowls, the pole lathe.
Forest Products Laboratory (2010): Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. USDA, FPL-GTR-190 — shrinkage, drying and moisture in wood.
IARC (2012): Monograph 100C, Wood dust — wood dust as a carcinogen.

Homestead economics (31)

FAO (2011): Farm business management: Farm records and accounts and related FAO publications on small farm management — budget, gross margin and cash flow.
Kay, R. D., Edwards, W. M., Duffy, P. A. (2020): Farm Management, 9th edition. McGraw-Hill. Farm budgets, gross margin, cash flow.
Falk, B. (2013): The Resilient Farm and Homestead. Chelsea Green. Phased investment and risk.
Teagasc (Ireland) and US Cooperative Extension farm management publications on enterprise budgets and cash-flow planning.
FAO (2011): Farm business management: Farm records and accounts and related FAO publications on small farm record-keeping.
Kay, R. D., Edwards, W. M., Duffy, P. A. (2020): Farm Management, 9th edition. McGraw-Hill. Records, depreciation, change in inventory.
HMRC (gov.uk): guidance on record-keeping for the self-employed and the trading allowance; Revenue (Ireland): guidance for farmers; IRS: Publication 225 Farmer's Tax Guide; CRA: farming income guide.
Regulation (EU) 2021/2115 on CAP Strategic Plans — the framework for supporting holdings in Ireland and the EU; a model for UK schemes after Brexit.
FAO (2014): The State of Food and Agriculture 2014: Innovation in family farming. Rome: FAO. Family farming, advisory services and institutional support.
gov.uk: guidance on getting a County Parish Holding number and registering with the Rural Payments service; Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Ireland): herd registration; USDA Farm Service Agency: farm records and programme eligibility.
Regulation (EU) 2021/2115 on CAP Strategic Plans — direct payments and rural development in the EU, including Ireland.
Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Ireland): CAP Strategic Plan schemes; Rural Payments Agency and Defra (England), Rural Payments Wales, Scottish Government Rural Payments, DAERA: current schemes.
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), including high tunnel support; USDA Farm Service Agency: farm loans and microloans.
FAO (2014): The State of Food and Agriculture 2014: Innovation in family farming. Rome: FAO. Advisory services and access to support for family farms.
Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs — primary production and direct supply of small quantities under national rules (Ireland; retained in UK law).
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers — label information and the ban on misleading claims.
Directive 2011/83/EU on consumer rights — distance selling and the right to cancel; in the UK, the Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013.
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) and UK GDPR — customers' data; in the US and Canada, national and state or provincial privacy and anti-spam laws.
Henderson, E., Van En, R. (2007): Sharing the Harvest: A Citizen's Guide to Community Supported Agriculture. Chelsea Green. Veg boxes and subscriptions.
Fortier, J.-M. (2014): The Market Gardener. New Society Publishers. Selling from a small garden at market and through boxes.
Kay, R. D., Edwards, W. M., Duffy, P. A. (2020): Farm Management, 9th edition. McGraw-Hill. Cost per unit, break-even, margin.
FAO (2011): Farm business management: Farm records and accounts and related FAO publications — costs, gross margin, price.
Fortier, J.-M. (2014): The Market Gardener. New Society Publishers. Prices and selling from a small market garden.
Directive 98/6/EC on consumer protection in the indication of the prices of products — selling price and unit price (Ireland); in the UK, the Price Marking Order 2004.
Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 on the general principles and requirements of food law — producer responsibility and traceability (Ireland; retained in UK law).
Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs — primary production and direct supply of small quantities under national rules; HACCP principles and flexibility for small businesses.
Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin — approval of premises, exemptions for direct supply of small quantities.
Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers — mandatory details, 14 allergen groups, nutrition declaration exemption for small quantities.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2465 on marketing standards for eggs (replaced Regulation (EC) No 589/2008, which still applies in Great Britain as assimilated law) — sell-by and best-before dates for eggs.
Food Standards Agency (UK): Safer food, better business and guidance on registering a food business; FDA Food Code (US); state cottage food guidance.
Codex Alimentarius: General Principles of Food Hygiene (CXC 1-1969, revised 2020). FAO/WHO. Good hygiene practice and HACCP.